核心畫面

A helpful picture: the blank strip at the edge of a page. It is still part of the page, but it is not where the text lives — it is the thin outer band, easy to ignore, and it is also the exact place where the page stops.

一頁紙最外圈那條空白的邊。它確實屬於這一頁,但正文不在那裡;它細細一條,容易被忽略,同時也正好是這一頁「到此為止」的更多收起一頁紙最外圈那條空白的邊。它確實屬於這一頁,但正文不在那裡;它細細一條,容易被忽略,同時也正好是這一頁「到此為止」的那條線。marginal 的所有用法都在玩這個位置——不是中心,而是邊上。有時候重點在「邊上的東西不重要」(小到可以不管、沒有權力的人),有時候重點在「邊上就是分界線」(多一分就跨過去了、幾票就換邊了)。同一條邊,看你站在哪一頭看它:向內看是「不在核心」,向外看是「再過去就是另一邊」。

From the word’s history

A learned borrowing from Medieval Latin marginālis, from margin ("edge, border") + -al — literally "of the edge". The page-margin sense is the oldest and most literal in English; every other sense is that edge used as a metaphor.

這個字是從中世紀拉丁文 marginālis 借進來的,拆開就是 margin(邊緣、界線)+ -al,字面意思就是「屬於邊緣的」。英文裡最早、最字面的用法正是書頁的頁邊,其他意思都是把這條邊拿去比喻別的東西——所以只要抓住「邊」這個位置感,五個意思會自己排好。

Wiktionary, "marginal" (Medieval Latin marginālis, margin + -al)

Three branches

紙上的邊

字面的那條邊,其他四個意思都是從這裡借出去的。

marginal note · adjective · C2

Written in the empty space at the side of a page.

頁邊的

小到不重要

把「在邊上」讀成「不在中心、影響不到主體」——邊上的東西動一動,正文完全不受影響。

insignificant · adjective · C2

A change or difference that is too small to be important or to have a real effect.

微小的

邊界就是分界線

跟上面那一支共用同一條邊,但看的方向相反:不看「邊上有多小」,看「邊上就是換邊的地方」。

marginal cost or value · adjective · C2

Relating to the extra cost, value, or money that comes when one more thing is produced, or one more dollar is earned.

邊際的

原始詞典資料10 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

marginaladj/ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/

  • 1

    Of, relating to, or located at or near a margin or edge; also figurative usages of location and margin (edge).

    • The marginal area at the edge of the salt-marsh has its own plants.
    • In recent years there has been an increase in violence against marginal groups.
  • 2

    Of, relating to, or located at or near a margin or edge; also figurative usages of location and margin (edge).

    • There were more marginal notes than text.
    • The early pages had marginal notes most of which were lost when rats nibbled away the manuscript edges.
  • 3

    geographynatural-sciencesOf, relating to, or located at or near a margin or edge; also figurative usages of location and margin (edge).

    • Monmouthshire is a Welsh county marginal to England.
  • 4

    Determined by a small margin; having a salient characteristic determined by a small margin.

    • His writing ability was marginal at best.
    • Having reviewed the test, there are two students below the required standard and three more who are marginal.
  • 5

    Determined by a small margin; having a salient characteristic determined by a small margin.

    • He farmed his marginal land with difficulty.
  • 6

    governmentpoliticsDetermined by a small margin; having a salient characteristic determined by a small margin.

    • In Bristol West, Labour had a majority of only 1,000, so the seat is considered highly marginal this time around.
    • In ‘battleground’ seats with the Conservatives, Liberal Democrat vote shares increased most in the most marginal seats.
  • 7

    economicssciencesPertaining to changes resulting from a unit increase in production or consumption of a good.

  • 8

    human-sciencessciencessocial-scienceMarginalized.

    • The caseworker couldn't understand how I could have stretched out my last bit of money for so long. She seemed convinced that I was "hiding" income from her and interrogated me for I don't know how long. […] The system seems based on the assumption that people are "welfare cheats." If you don't speak English or are marginal in some other way, it's worse.

marginalnoun/ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/

  • 1

    Something or somebody that is marginal.

    • […] discusses those who belong to the discipline's dominant cults, the mainliners, and their relations with the marginals and mavericks.
    • “We need a saint or some other symbol that will serve to anchor our faith into the foreseeable future. I have watched and waited for a saint but none showed up—not even a marginal saint. Mary is the first one, and we must not allow her ...
  • 2

    governmentpoliticsA constituency won with a small margin.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。