敵對的態度與立場
最貼近核心的一支：把「站在對面」表現在人的態度和意見上。
unfriendly, aggressive · adjective · C1
Showing anger on purpose, acting very unfriendly toward someone, and ready to argue with them.
敵意的
核心畫面
A useful picture: someone standing on the other side, facing you as an enemy. Not just cold or — actively against you, arms folded, ready to push back. Everything hostile means keeps that shape: two sides, and the other one is not on yours.
有一個人站在對面，把你當成敵人。重點不是冷淡、不是沒興趣，而是「主動站在你的對立面」——臉色不好看、雙手抱胸、隨時準…更多收起
有一個人站在對面，把你當成敵人。重點不是冷淡、不是沒興趣，而是「主動站在你的對立面」——臉色不好看、雙手抱胸、隨時準備反駁你或攻擊你。這個字後面所有的用法都保留這個形狀：場上分成兩邊，而對面那邊不站在你這裡。差別只在「對面那個東西」是人、是意見、是軍隊，還是天氣。From the word’s history
From Latin hostilis, from hostis "enemy" — the same root behind hostility and, further back, host in the sense of an armed multitude. The word literally means "enemy-like", which is why every modern use still splits the world into two sides.
這個字經由中古法語 hostile 借自拉丁文 hostīlis，字根是 hostis「敵人」（hostility 同源，更早的 host「大軍」也是這一支）。字面意思就是「敵人的、像敵人那樣的」。知道這一點，現代所有用法就串起來了：不管講的是人的態度、對計畫的立場、還是一塊土地，hostile 永遠在把世界分成敵我兩邊，而說話的人站在其中一邊。
Wiktionary, "hostile": borrowed from Middle French hostile, from Latin hostīlis, from hostis ("enemy").
Four branches
屬於敵方的（軍事·對抗）
把「對面那一邊」從態度變成實際的陣營：不是誰在生氣，而是這塊地、這艘船、這支部隊歸屬於敵方。
enemy, belonging to · adjective · C1
Belonging to an enemy, used about land, water, or groups on the other side.
敵方的
環境對人不利
把「敵人」從人擴大到環境：沙漠、暴風、市場都不會恨你，但它們的作用力和敵人一樣——一直在跟你作對。
harsh conditions · adjective · C1
Used about conditions that are hard to live in, or that make it hard to succeed at something.
惡劣的
對方不願意的收購
商業世界裡的固定用語：把公司之間的收購講成兩軍對陣，被收購方的立場就是「對面那一邊」。
hostile takeover · adjective · C1
Used about a company's attempt to buy another company that does not want to be bought.
敵意併購的
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
hostileadj/ˈhɒstaɪl/
- 1
Not friendly; appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence or a desire to thwart and injure.
- a hostile force
- hostile intentions
- 2
Aggressive; antagonistic.
- 3
Unwilling.
- 4
Being or relating to a hostile takeover.
- Microsoft may go hostile in its bid for Yahoo! as soon as Friday, according to a published report.
hostilenoun/ˈhɒstaɪl/
- 1
governmentmilitarypoliticsAn enemy.
- The Japanese got their attack in first. About ten minutes after passing the U.S. aircraft, they spotted Hornet (local weather patterns temporarily concealing Enterprise). Things had improved a little bit compared to the Eastern Solomons, and three dozen F4F Wildcats on combat air patrol were vectored onto the oncoming hostiles, but once that initial task was accomplished, things began to collapse back into the cacophony and chaos that was all too familiar to those aboard the Enterprise, meaning that the end result was round about the same[…]
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。