喜樂美語

核心畫面

One picture holds nearly the whole page: the stuff that gets thrown away. The oldest recorded meaning is chaff — the dry husk that comes off grain when it is beaten, the part swept off the floor while the grain is kept. From there the word moved to the body's own leftovers, and then it stopped being about substances at all and became a way of saying 'this is the part to throw away'. Said about objects, it means junk nobody needs. Said about a film or a phone, it means the thing is not worth keeping. Said about someone's claim, it means their words are the husk and not the grain. Said about how you are being treated, it means what you are being handed is worthless. And shouted on its own, it is the sound of a moment going the same way.

這一頁幾乎可以用一個畫面撐起來：被丟掉的那一部分。這個字最早記載的意思是「穀殼」——打穀時脫下來的乾殼，穀粒留著，殼…更多收起這一頁幾乎可以用一個畫面撐起來：被丟掉的那一部分。這個字最早記載的意思是「穀殼」——打穀時脫下來的乾殼，穀粒留著，殼掃掉。後來它移到身體排出來的東西上，再後來就不再指任何實體，而變成一種說法：「這部分是要丟的。」講東西，是沒人需要的雜物。講一部片、一支手機，是不值得留。講別人說的話，是他給你的是殼不是穀。講別人怎麼對你，是他遞過來的東西沒有價值。單獨喊出來，就是一件事正在往那個方向掉的聲音。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary derives crap from Middle English crappe 'chaff', from Middle French crape and Old French crappe 'chaff', ultimately from Old Dutch krappen 'to cut off, pluck off', and notes it is related to crop.

維基詞典記載 crap 來自中古英語 crappe（穀殼、糠），再往前是中古法語 crape、古法語 crappe，最後追到古荷蘭語 krappen（切下來、摘下來），並且跟 crop（作物、收成）有關。所以「切下來、要丟掉的那一層」不是後來的比喻，而是這個字一開始的意思。

Wiktionary entry supplied in this packet (kaikki snapshot 3f6f69a190036ae4), etymology_text for crap (etymology 1) and etymology 2 ('From crab's eyes').

Four branches

身體排出來的東西（最實體的一格）

從穀殼走到身體的廢物，是同一個想法換一個場合：留下來的跟丟掉的分開。這一支是全頁最實體的，其他用法都靠它撐著力道。

noun · B2

Solid waste that comes out of the body. Uncountable, and used about animals as often as about people: dog crap, bird crap.

大便

不值得留的東西

把穀殼的畫面移到任何東西上：這一部分沒有價值，掃掉就好。指實體雜物時是「破爛」，指品質時是「爛」。

noun · B2

Things that are useless, unimportant, or just in the way — the objects that pile up on a desk, in a bag, or in a room. Uncountable: all this crap, a pile of crap.

雜物、破爛

話語和態度：遞過來的是殼

同一個畫面用在人身上：對方給你的不是穀粒，是殼。一種是他說的話，一種是他對你的態度。

noun · B2

Things someone says that you think are completely wrong or untrue. Uncountable, so it takes no a: that's crap, a load of crap, cut the crap.

屁話、鬼扯

骰子遊戲 craps（另一條來源）

這一支不要硬掛回穀殼的畫面。它只是拼起來一樣，來源不同。

noun · C1

A dice game played for money in American casinos, in which players throw two dice and bet on the numbers that come up. Always written with the -s, and used with a singular verb: craps is played with two dice.

花旗骰（擲骰賭博遊戲）

原始詞典資料13 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

crapnoun詞源 1/kɹæp/

  • 1

    obsoleteThe husk of grain; chaff.

  • 2

    vulgarslangSomething worthless or of poor quality; junk.

    • The long-running game show went from offering good prizes to crap in no time.
    • "My wife and I have asked a crowd of craps To come and waste their time and ours: perhaps You'd care to join us?"
  • 3

    vulgarslangNonsense; something untrue.

    • The college student boasted of completing a 10,000-word essay on Shakespeare, but that claim was utter crap.
    • 'Be seeing you.' 'Crap,' said the negro with conviction. 'Get goin'.'
  • 4

    vulgarslangFeces.

    • I stepped in some dog crap that was on the sidewalk.
  • 5

    vulgarslangAn act of defecation.

    • I have to take a crap.

crapverb詞源 1/kɹæp/

  • 1

    vulgarslangTo defecate.

    • That soup tasted funny, and now I need to crap.
    • 'Well, the case is all yours,' said Binswanger grudgingly. 'But the Commissioner sure don't like having this bastard crappin' away on his own front doorstep while Mr Hoover sits down in Washington well to leeward of the stink. Why don't we pull him in on tax evasion or misuse of the mails or parkin' in front of a hydrant or sumpn? Take him down to the Tombs and give 'em the works? If the Feds won't do it, we'd be glad to oblige.'
  • 2

    vulgarslangTo defecate in or on (clothing etc.).

    • He almost crapped his pants from fright.
  • 3

    vulgarslangTo bullshit.

    • Don't try to crap me: I know you're lying.

crapadj詞源 1/kɹæp/

  • 1

    vulgarOf poor quality.

    • I drove an old crap car for ten years before buying a new one.

crapintj詞源 1/kɹæp/

  • 1

    vulgarslangExpression of worry, fear, shock, surprise, disgust, annoyance, or dismay.

    • Oh crap! The other driver's going to hit my car!
    • Crap! I lost the game.

crapnoun詞源 2/kɹæp/

  • 1

    dicegamblinggamesA losing throw of 2, 3, or 12 in craps.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。