喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold rugged: a surface that nobody has smoothed. Rock on a , skin after years of sun, an old steel tool. Your hand feels ridges and edges, and nothing about it is fine or delicate. Two things follow from that one picture. Such a surface looks wild and impressive rather than damaged, which is why rugged is usually . And because it was never delicate to begin with, knocks and weather cannot ruin it. Rough land, a weather-marked face, gear that survives a fall, a body that keeps going in the cold, and a manner that will not for anybody all grow out of the same unsmoothed surface.

rugged 可以想成一個畫面：一塊沒有被磨平的表面。山坡上的岩石、曬了很多年的皮膚、用舊的鐵工具，都是這個樣子。手…更多收起rugged 可以想成一個畫面：一塊沒有被磨平的表面。山坡上的岩石、曬了很多年的皮膚、用舊的鐵工具，都是這個樣子。手摸過去有稜有角，沒有一處細緻。從這個畫面會長出兩件事。第一，這種表面看起來是原始、壯闊的，不是破爛的，所以英文用 rugged 時多半帶著欣賞。第二，它本來就不精緻，所以撞了、淋了、曬了也毀不掉。崎嶇的山路、有風霜的臉、摔不壞的裝備、耐得住冷的身體、不肯為誰放軟的態度，全都可以看成同一塊粗表面的不同用法。

From the word’s history

The packet's Wiktionary etymology traces rugged to Old Norse rǫgg, a tuft or shagginess, and analyses it as rug, a rough woollen cloth, plus -ed; it lists Swedish ruggig (shaggy) and Old Norse raggaðr (tufted) alongside. The oldest picture is a surface covered in coarse hair, which sits directly under the modern core of a surface that was never smooth.

依照本批資料附的 Wiktionary 詞源，rugged 來自古北歐語 rǫgg（一撮毛、毛茸茸），結構是 rug（粗毛織物）加上 -ed，同源詞還有瑞典語 ruggig（毛茸茸的）和古北歐語 raggaðr（有毛簇的）。最早的畫面就是「表面長滿粗毛、摸起來扎手」。這個畫面和今天「沒被磨平的表面」這個核心正好接得上。

Wiktionary etymology_text supplied in this packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:661816349:33705)

Two branches

表面沒被磨平

這一組是核心畫面的直接用法：真的有一個表面擺在眼前，而它凹凸不平。看的是地，或是一張臉。

adjective · B2

Land or ground that is rugged is rough and uneven, full of rocks, steep slopes and sharp edges, often with few plants, so it is hard to walk or drive across.

崎嶇的

經得起折騰

這一組是從核心畫面推出來的結果，不是另一個畫面。既然這個表面本來就不細緻，摔、曬、淋、天天操也壞不了。於是重點從「摸起來怎麼樣」轉成「撐不撐得住」。

adjective · B2

A vehicle, tool, computer or other piece of equipment that is rugged is built strongly, so that it keeps working after knocks, dirt, water, heat and hard daily use.

堅固耐用

原始詞典資料15 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

ruggedadj詞源 1/ˈɹʌɡ.ɪd/

  • 1

    Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough.

    • BY and by, after a rugged climb, we halted on the summit of a hill which commanded a far-reaching view.
  • 2

    Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven.

    • Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.
  • 3

    Rough with bristly hair; shaggy.

    • His hair was light and rather thin; his face strong and rugged from exposure, and his eyes narrow and observant.
  • 4

    Strong, sturdy, well-built.

    • Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.
  • 5

    Rocky and bare of plantlife.

    • As the train wound along the river valleys through western Pennsylvania the scenery grew more rugged and the painted houses of Lancaster County gave way to dirty clapboard dwellings and shack homes clinging to the mountainside.
    • Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.
  • 6

    Harsh; austere; hard

  • 7

    Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous

  • 8

    Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking

另外 4 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled

    • "Ah!" sighed the unimaginative Granby, and his honest, rugged face grew clouded. Pepper puffed in silence for a moment or two; then spoke.
  • 10

    Violent; rude; boisterous

  • 11

    Vigorous; robust; hardy

    • "Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength..."
  • 12

    computingengineeringmathematicsDesigned to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions.

    • Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.

ruggedadj詞源 2/ɹʌɡd/

  • 1

    Having a rug or rugs.

  • 2

    Covered with a rug.

    • Please put sharp objects on the rugged shelf.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。