言行沒磨過:無禮與下流
把「粗糙、沒加工」搬到人的說話和舉止上。禮貌其實就是一道打磨的手續,而這一家族講的都是那道手續沒做。
rudeness, impoliteness · noun · C1
Speech or behaviour that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people.
無禮
A helpful way to picture rudeness is the state of something left rough — not smoothed, not finished, not polished. A wall of raw stone, a stick cut with two chops, a person who says the thing without wrapping it in soft words. Nothing has been worked over to make it pleasant to meet.
English rude comes, through Old French, from Latin rudis meaning 'rough, raw, unworked' — used of unworked stone or uncultivated land. The noun rudeness is that adjective plus the Middle English ending -ness, i.e. 'the quality of being rough/unworked'.
rude 經古法文來自拉丁文 rudis,意思是「粗糙的、未經加工的」,原本拿來講沒有切磨過的石頭、沒有開墾的土地。rudeness 就是 rude 加上中古英文的 -ness(表狀態),字面即「粗糙未加工的那個性質」。所以現代英文裡「無禮」其實是這個老意思的一支:一個人的言行沒有經過社交禮節那道打磨,就像石頭沒有磨過。
Wiktionary (rudeness < Middle English rudenesse = rude + -ness; rude < Old French rude < Latin rudis 'rough, raw, unworked')
Three branches
言行沒磨過:無禮與下流
把「粗糙、沒加工」搬到人的說話和舉止上。禮貌其實就是一道打磨的手續,而這一家族講的都是那道手續沒做。
rudeness, impoliteness · noun · C1
Speech or behaviour that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people.
無禮
事情沒緩衝:突然的衝擊
把「沒有經過緩衝、沒有鋪墊」從人的言行推廣到事件本身——一件事直接撞上你,中間沒有墊任何東西。
rudeness, abruptness of a shock · noun · C1
The sudden and unpleasant quality of a shock or surprise that stops a good feeling.
突然衝擊
另一支老用法:粗壯與簡陋
這一支保留了拉丁 rudis「未經加工」最原始的味道,還沒有走到「不禮貌」那邊去;今天讀起來偏書面、偏舊。
rudeness, robust health · noun · C1
Very strong health and energy of the body.
強健
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
rudenessnoun
The property of being rude.
A rude remark or behaviour.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。