對人不客氣
「未加工」落在人際互動上:話和動作沒有經過禮貌的修飾,直接撞到對方。
rudely, impolitely · r · C1
In a way that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people.
無禮地
Done in a raw, unpolished way — without the smoothing that manners, craft, or gentleness would add. Sometimes that rawness offends; sometimes it just means rough-and-ready.
From Middle English rudely, from rude + -ly. The adjective rude comes via Old French from Latin rudis "rough, raw, unwrought, unpolished" — used of raw materials and unworked stone long before it was used of bad manners.
由 rude 加 -ly 構成,而 rude 經古法語來自拉丁文 rudis:意思是「粗糙的、未加工的、還沒打磨過的」,最早是拿來形容原料和沒鑿過的石頭,跟禮貌完全無關。知道這一點,這個副詞看似散開的五個用法就串起來了——「沒禮貌」其實只是「未加工」用在人際互動上的那一種;「簡陋地」「健壯地」則保留了拉丁文原本的意思。
Latin rudis via Old French; standard etymology given in Wiktionary and the OED entry for "rude"
Four branches
對人不客氣
「未加工」落在人際互動上:話和動作沒有經過禮貌的修飾,直接撞到對方。
rudely, impolitely · r · C1
In a way that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people.
無禮地
粗暴地打斷
把「沒有緩衝、直接撞上來」從人的態度移到事情的發生方式上。
rudely, abruptly · r · C1
In a sudden way that is unpleasant, especially when something stops a good feeling or a quiet time.
突然地
原始的強健
回到拉丁文的老意思:未經修飾也可以是褒的——原始、粗獷、有生命力。
rudely, robustly healthy · r · C1
In a way that shows very strong health and energy of the body.
健壯地
做工簡陋
最貼近拉丁文 rudis 原意的一支:東西做得粗,沒有細工。
rudely, crudely made · r · C1
In a simple, basic way, with little skill or care in how something is made.
簡陋地
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
rudelyadv/ˈɹuːdli/
In a rude manner.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。