人本身很慘
這一組就是核心畫面直接落在一個人身上：痛苦寫在他身上，別人看得出來。差別只在痛苦是從外面來的，還是從自己心裡長出來的。
wretched (miserable) · adjective · C2
Very unhappy or ill, in a way that makes other people feel sorry for you.
悲慘
核心畫面
One way to picture it: a person driven out of their home with nowhere to go — cold, hungry, so badly off that anyone who walks past feels sorry for them. Not just 'bad', but bad enough to pull pity out of someone else.
一個被趕出家門、流落在外的人。又冷又餓，沒人接手，站在那裡的樣子連路過的人看了都心裡一沉。wretched 講的通常…更多收起
一個被趕出家門、流落在外的人。又冷又餓，沒人接手，站在那裡的樣子連路過的人看了都心裡一沉。wretched 講的通常不只是「不好」，而是糟到會在旁人心裡引起同情或不忍——這一點正是它跟普通的 bad 最不一樣的地方：bad 只是評價，wretched 帶著一個看得見的可憐樣子。From the word’s history
Middle English wrecched already meant 'suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, poor, of low social status', and the noun wretch named such a person — so the word carried both the suffering and the pity it draws from the start.
payload 附的詞源記載，中古英語 wrecched 本來就指「受苦的、不幸的、窮困的、地位低下的」，而名詞 wretch 指的正是這樣一個可憐人。所以這個字從一開始就同時扛著兩件事：當事人真的很慘，以及看到的人會生出憐憫。今天 wretched 之所以聽起來比 bad 重、比 unhappy 更讓人揪心，就是這個底子還留著。
payload 提供的詞源說明（Middle English wrecched / wretch，Wiktionary 條目）
Two branches
糟到讓人受不了的東西
鏡頭從受苦的人移到造成苦的那個東西上：房子、天氣、服務、某個人。同樣一種難受，只是這次貼在來源身上，所以 wretched 從「他很可憐」變成「這東西真夠嗆」。
wretched (squalid) · adjective · C2
Extremely bad or unpleasant, especially about the way people live or the state of a place or thing.
惡劣
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
wretchedadj/ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/
- 1
Characterized by or feeling deep affliction or distress; very miserable.
- I felt wretched after my wife died.
- Oh (men forlorne) how wretched is our ſtate, / Whome heaven and earth oppreſſe with heapes of hate!
- 2
Of an inferior or unworthy nature or social status; contemptible, lowly.
- The street was full of wretched beggars dressed in rags.
- I had been here ſooner, but that, vvretched man that I am! I ſlept in the Arbour that ſtands on the Hillſide; nay, I had notvvithſtanding that, been here much ſooner, but that in my ſleep I loſt my Evidence, and came vvithout it to the brovv of the Hill; and then feeling for it, and finding it not, I vvas forced vvith ſorrovv of heart, to go back to the place vvhere I ſlept my ſleep, vvhere I found it, and novv I am come.
- 3
Of an insignificant, mean, or poor nature; miserable, paltry, worthless.
- I just lack the fine motor skill. Same reason I'm a grown man who doesn't know how to use a screwdriver without looking like a retard. Oh, I'm wretched.
- All those wretched quarrels, in his humble opinion, stirring up bad blood – bump of combativeness or gland of some kind, erroneously supposed to be about a punctilio of honour and a flag, – were very largely a question of the money question which was at the back of everything, greed and jealousy, people never knowing when to stop.
- 4
Of a person, etc.: behaving in a manner causing contempt; base, despicable, wicked.
- But a Devil came in juſt in the God-ſpeed, and told them; Gentlemen Philoſophers, (ſays he) if you vvould knovv the VVretched'ſt, and moſt contemptible thing in the VVorld; It is an Alchymiſt: […]
- A Heretic may see the truth and seek redemption. He may be forgiven his past and will be absolved in death. A Traitor can never be forgiven. A Traitor will never find peace in this world or the next. There is nothing as wretched or as hated in all the world as a Traitor.
- 5
Of weather: causing much discomfort; very unpleasant; miserable.
- 6
informalUsed to express annoyance towards or dislike of someone or something: bloody, damned.
- Will you please stop playing that wretched trombone!
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。