喜樂美語

這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字，意思沒有關係， 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 屋頂薄板瓦 · 海灘小圓石

1

shingle

noun, verb

核心畫面

Hold one thin flat piece of split wood in your hand. It is light, a little wider than your palm, and its job is to be one of many: laid with hundreds of others, each one covering the top edge of the piece below, so rain runs over the whole surface and never gets in. That single small board is the picture. Nail it to a roof and it keeps you dry; write a name on it and hang it by a door, and it tells the street who works inside.

可以想成手上拿著一片薄薄的木板。輕輕的，比手掌大一點。它的意義在於「不會只有一片」：幾百片一起鋪，每一片壓住下面那片…更多收起可以想成手上拿著一片薄薄的木板。輕輕的，比手掌大一點。它的意義在於「不會只有一片」：幾百片一起鋪，每一片壓住下面那片的上緣，雨水就只會從表面流過去，滲不進來。這一小片板子就是核心畫面。釘在屋頂上，它替你擋雨；刻上名字掛在門口，它替你告訴整條街裡面是誰在做事。

From the word’s history

The supplied Wiktionary entry traces this shingle back through Middle English shyngel and Old English sċindel to Late Latin scindula, from Latin scandula, tied to a root meaning "to split, to cut". A block of wood split into thin boards is exactly the object the word still names.

封包裡的 Wiktionary 把這個 shingle 一路接到中古英語 shyngel、古英語 sċindel，再到晚期拉丁文 scindula、拉丁文 scandula，字根跟「劈開、切開」有關。可以想成：一塊木頭被劈成一片一片薄板，而那片薄板正是這個字到今天還在指的東西。

Wiktionary entry (etymology 1) supplied in this packet, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:858745159

From the picture

蓋在屋頂與外牆上的薄板

這一族就是核心畫面的本業：那片板子本身，以及把它一排一排鋪上去的動作。

noun · B2

One of the many small, thin, flat pieces — of wood, or of some other building material — that are fixed in overlapping rows to cover a roof or an outside wall, so that rain runs down over them.

屋頂薄板瓦

掛在門口的那一小片牌子

同一片薄板，換了位置和任務：不再蓋在屋頂上，而是刻上名字掛在門邊。板子沒變，變的是它現在替你說話。

noun · C1

To open your own business and start working for yourself, especially as a doctor, a lawyer or another trained professional. The picture behind it is hanging a small sign outside your door so that people know you are open.

自立門戶開業

Also in this word

noun · C1

A small sign hung outside an office to show that a doctor, a lawyer or another professional works there. In film and television, people also use the word for a small production company that someone sets up under their own name.

門口小招牌

A second word, same spelling

2

shingle

noun

核心畫面

A different picture, and a different word that only looks the same: a shore covered in small round stones, each one rubbed smooth by years of water. You cannot walk on it quietly. Every wave that pulls back drags the stones over each other with a long rattle, and that sound is really what this word is holding.

這是另一個畫面，也其實是另一個剛好長得一樣的字：整片海岸鋪滿小小的圓石頭，每一顆都被海水磨了很多年，磨得光滑。走在上…更多收起這是另一個畫面，也其實是另一個剛好長得一樣的字：整片海岸鋪滿小小的圓石頭，每一顆都被海水磨了很多年，磨得光滑。走在上面沒辦法安靜。每一道浪退回去，石頭互相翻滾，發出長長的嘩啦聲——這個字可以想成裝著的就是那個聲音。

From the word’s history

The supplied Wiktionary entry (etymology 3) takes this word from Middle English shingel / chingel "gravel, pebbles", with cognates in Norwegian and North Frisian, and calls it imitative of the sound of water running over such pebbles. It is not related to the roof shingle.

封包裡的 Wiktionary（第三條字源）說這個字來自中古英語 shingel／chingel（礫石），在挪威語和北弗里斯語裡有同源詞，並說它是在模仿水流過小石頭的聲音。它跟屋頂那個 shingle 不同源，只是拼法一樣。

Wiktionary entry (etymology 3) supplied in this packet, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:858775322

原始詞典資料13 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

shinglenoun詞源 1/ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/

  • 1

    A small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building.

    • I reached St. Asaph, a Bishop's See, where there is a very poor Cathedral Church, covered with Shingles or Tiles
  • 2

    A rectangular piece of steel obtained by means of a shingling process involving hammering of puddled steel.

  • 3

    A small signboard designating a professional office; this may be both a physical signboard or a metaphoric term for a small production company (a production shingle).

    • He [...] hung a shingle as a barber.
    • When [these attorneys] were born, in the early decades of the 19th century, being a lawyer meant putting out a shingle and representing your neighbors.
  • 4

    computationalcomputingengineeringA word-based n-gram.

    • In the second phase, we produce a list of all the shingles and the documents they appear in, sorted by shingle value.

shingleverb詞源 1/ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/

  • 1

    To cover with small, thin pieces of building material, with shingles.

  • 2

    To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all over the head, like shingles on a roof.

  • 3

    To increase the storage density of (a hard disk) by writing tracks that partially overlap.

shingleverb詞源 2/ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/

  • 1

    businessmanufacturingTo hammer and squeeze material in order to expel cinder and impurities from it, as in metallurgy.

  • 2

    To beat with a shingle.

shinglenoun詞源 2/ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/

  • 1

    A punitive strap such as a belt.

  • 2

    Any paddle used for corporal punishment.

shinglenoun詞源 3/ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/

  • 1

    Small, smooth pebbles, as found on a beach.

    • And naked shingles of the world.
    • You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.
  • 2

    A beach or other shore covered with loose, smooth pebbles.

    • Underneath a black cliff where the incoming tide smashed on the shingle, they stumbled upon the mail hood of Hrothgar's murdered vassal.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。