核心畫面

Picture someone up a ladder with a stack of sheets and a bag of wide-headed nails. Everything the word means is in that picture: the job being done up there, and the stack of sheets waiting at the bottom. English lets the one -ing word point at either end of it, so the sentence around it decides which you are looking at.

可以想成有人扛著梯子上屋頂,旁邊堆著一疊板子和一包寬頭釘。這個字的兩個意思都在同一個畫面裡:上面正在進行的那件工作,更多收起可以想成有人扛著梯子上屋頂,旁邊堆著一疊板子和一包寬頭釘。這個字的兩個意思都在同一個畫面裡:上面正在進行的那件工作,還有下面那一堆等著被鋪上去的東西。英文用同一個 -ing 字同時指這兩端,所以真正決定意思的是句子裡的其他字——出現公司、報價、天數,講的是工作;出現瓦片、釘子、鐵皮,講的是材料。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary records roofing (noun 1) as roof + -ing, and glosses that -ing as the 'material, collection' ending rather than the action ending.

Wiktionary 把材料那個 roofing 記成 roof 加 -ing,而且特別註明這裡的 -ing 是「材料、成套」的那一種,不是動作的那一種。所以嚴格說起來,材料義不一定是從「蓋屋頂」這個動作長出來的,它可能是另一條 -ing 的路;學習上把它們看成同一個畫面的兩端仍然好用,但這是教學上的連結,不是歷史上的推導。

packet Wiktionary etymology_text (etymology 1): From roof + -ing (material, collection).

Two branches

蓋屋頂這件事

最貼近 -ing 的常見用法:把動詞變成一件正在做的事,或一整個行業。

noun · B2

The work of putting roofs on buildings or repairing them, either as a trade or as a particular job being done.

屋頂工程/蓋屋頂的工作

鋪屋頂用的東西

從同一個畫面的另一端看過去:不是在做的那件事,而是要鋪上去的那一批東西。來源提示這裡的 -ing 本來就是「材料」的意思,所以兩者比較像並排的兄弟,而不是一個從另一個變出來的。

noun · B1

The material that goes on top of a roof to keep out rain and sun — tiles, metal sheets, or a thick waterproof layer.

屋頂材料

原始詞典資料4 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

roofingnoun詞源 1

  • 1

    Material used on the outside of a roof, such as shingles.

    • As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field.
  • 2

    The process of constructing a roof or roofs.

  • 3

    A way of travel which consists in clambering over the roofs of skyscrapers.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。