這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字,意思沒有關係, 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 scrap, small leftover piece · scrap, have a fight (verb)

1

scrap

n, v

核心畫面

A small leftover piece that has been scraped, torn or cut off something bigger — incomplete on its own, and not needed any more.

一塊完整的東西被刮下、撕下或用剩之後,留在旁邊的那一小片。它本身不成一個整體,是從別的東西上掉下來的邊角料——所以不更多收起一塊完整的東西被刮下、撕下或用剩之後,留在旁邊的那一小片。它本身不成一個整體,是從別的東西上掉下來的邊角料——所以不管剩下的是布、是紙、是飯菜,還是一點點消息,scrap 都帶著「零碎的、剩下的、沒人要的」那種味道。

From the word’s history

From Old Norse skrap, related to skrapa 'to scrape, scratch': the bits that come off when you scrape something. The modern core is still 'the little piece that came off the whole'.

一種想法是:這個 scrap 來自古諾斯語 skrap,和動詞 skrapa(刮、搔)同源——刮東西時掉下來的碎屑。這條線索和現代用法接得上:今天的 scrap 仍然是「從整塊上掉下來的那一點」,只是掉下來的東西從木屑換成了布片、紙片、剩飯,甚至一點消息。

Wiktionary: Middle English scrappe ← Old Norse skrap ← skrapa 'to scrape, scratch' ← PIE *skreb-, *skrep- 'to engrave'

Two branches

剩下來的一小片

這一家最貼近字源:眼前真的有一小片剩下來的東西,或者把這個畫面搬到看不見的事情上。

scrap, small leftover piece · noun · C2

A small piece of paper, cloth, or something like this, often one that is left over and not needed any more.

一小塊

拆成廢料、丟掉不用

同一個碎片畫面,只是把鏡頭拉遠:整台車、整條船被拆成一堆碎料,於是 scrap 從「剩下的那一片」變成「拆解、報廢」這件事,再從實體的車船延伸到抽象的計畫。

scrap, metal for recycling · noun · C2

Old metal, machines, cars, or other objects that people no longer use for the job they were made for, but that can be broken up and used again.

廢料

A second word, same spelling

2

scrap

n, v

核心畫面

Two people getting into a short, rough tussle or quarrel that flares up and is over quickly.

兩個人突然扭打起來或吵了一架,推來推去、你一句我一句,鬧得不大,也很快就散了。它不是嚴重的暴力衝突,而是那種小孩在操更多收起兩個人突然扭打起來或吵了一架,推來推去、你一句我一句,鬧得不大,也很快就散了。它不是嚴重的暴力衝突,而是那種小孩在操場上滾成一團、或兩個同事為一件小事互嗆幾句的短暫摩擦。這個 scrap 和「碎片」的 scrap 只是拼法撞在一起,不是同一個字。

From the word’s history

來源並不確定。字典記的一種說法是它來自一個已經消失的口語義「陰謀、勾當」;另一種說法是它其實是 scrape 的方言變體——英文裡 get into a scrape 就是「惹上麻煩」,而打一架正是最典型的麻煩。兩種說法都只能當參考,不能當定論。

Wiktionary (etymology marked as uncertain: 'perhaps from the obsolete colloquial meaning "sinister plot, scheme, villainy", or a dialectal variant of scrape')

One branch

短暫的扭打與口角

整個字就只有這一家:同一件事的動詞說法和名詞說法。

scrap, have a fight (verb) · verb · C2

To have a short fight or argument.

打架

原始詞典資料16 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

scrapnoun詞源 1/ˈskɹæp/

  • 1

    A (small) piece; a fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.

    • I found a scrap of cloth to patch the hole.
    • I have no materials — not a scrap.
  • 2

    A (small) piece; a fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.

    • I don't care a scrap.
    • “I don't mind anything. I don't mind your being technically German a scrap. All I think is that it was a little—well, perhaps a little excessive to marry another German when you had done it once already. […]”
  • 3

    Leftover food.

    • Give the scraps to the animals: any meat to the dogs, and the rest to the hogs.
  • 4

    The crisp substance that remains after drying out animal fat.

    • pork scraps
  • 5

    Discarded objects (especially metal) that may be dismantled to recover their constituent materials, junk.

    • That car isn't good for anything but scrap.
    • “We need a set of wheels to carry out this plan of yours.” “Queenie?” “We need her now more than ever.” “Will she still be in the field where we left her?” “No, no, no. The fuzz will have towed her away by now.” “Where will she be, then?” “They will have sold the old girl off for scrap.”
  • 6

    A piece of deep-fried batter left over from frying fish, sometimes sold with chips.

  • 7

    Loose-leaf tobacco of a low grade, such as sweepings left over from handling higher grades.

  • 8

    offensiveslurA Hispanic criminal, especially a Mexican or one affiliated with the Sureno gang.

另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    obsoleteA snare for catching birds.

scrapverb詞源 1/ˈskɹæp/

  • 1

    To discard; to get rid of.

    • The party plans to scrap the military-drafted constitution, and bring the army's many business interests under the Ministry of Finance.
    • "The wire is probably at the station." "True; you said 10.45. Well, what do you propose doing now?" "Scrapping all our arrangements and recovering the papers without arresting Slater."
  • 2

    To stop working on (a project or plan) indefinitely.

  • 3

    To scrapbook; to create scrapbooks.

  • 4

    To dispose of at a scrapyard.

    • Northern made much of the scrapping of the first of the Pacers (142005), and to date 35 of its Class 142s have been scrapped, with a further 11 off-lease at Gascoigne Wood.
  • 5

    To make into scrap.

    • Standing on the mountain above Caerphilly, one may reflect upon the gap where once stood Llanbradach Viaduct, and look near at hand upon the restored ruins of Caerphilly Castle; man labours to rebuild the mediaeval whilst he ruthlessly scraps the modern.

scrapnoun詞源 2/ˈskɹæp/

  • 1

    A fight, tussle, skirmish.

    • We got in a little scrap over who should pay the bill.

scrapverb詞源 2/ˈskɹæp/

  • 1

    to fight

    • Oh yeah! Keep it spicy! You know I love a good tussle, Gonzales! Keep on scrappin', son! 'Course, it ain't gonna do you much good in the end.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。