這個拼法底下其實是3個不同的字,意思沒有關係, 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 糊狀物/爛糊 · 喂、老兄(叫住男生) · 走!(叫雪橇犬起步)

1

mush

n, v

唸法不同同樣的拼法,這個字的唸法跟另一個不一樣。/mʌʃ/

核心畫面

One way to hold this word: something that used to have edges, cooked or crushed or soaked until the edges are gone. Push a finger in and it spreads instead of pushing back. It is not solid and it is not liquid; it sits in between, holding no shape of its own. From that picture the word goes two ways. Sometimes the softness is unwanted — boiled vegetables, wet leaves underfoot, a tired brain. Sometimes it is the whole point — a pot of stirred until it is thick and smooth.

可以想成一團本來有形狀、後來被煮爛或壓爛的東西。用手指一壓,它不會頂回來,只會散開。它不算固體,也不算液體,卡在中間更多收起可以想成一團本來有形狀、後來被煮爛或壓爛的東西。用手指一壓,它不會頂回來,只會散開。它不算固體,也不算液體,卡在中間,沒有自己的形狀。這個畫面往兩個方向長。一邊是「不該這樣」:菜煮爛了、落葉爛在地上、腦袋轉不動了。另一邊是「本來就要這樣」:玉米粉在鍋裡攪到又濃又滑,那是一道菜。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary treats this mush as probably a variant of mash, or as coming from a dialect form of Middle English mos (mush, pulp, porridge), from Old English mōs (food, porridge). The porridge sense is listed there under a second etymology (Old High German muos, Goidelic mus, a pap), so the two routes are recorded separately even though the picture is the same.

Wiktionary 認為這個 mush 可能是 mash(壓爛)的另一種寫法,也可能來自中古英語 mos(糊、粥),再往前是古英語 mōs(食物、粥)。玉米糊那一支在同一份資料裡被歸到另一條詞源(古高地德語 muos、蓋爾語 mus,指糊狀食物),所以兩條路是分開記的,畫面卻是同一個。

Wiktionary via kaikki extract, source_refs kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:719782204:9821 (ety 1) and kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:719797200:5397 (ety 2)

Three branches

壓爛、煮爛的一團

這一組就是核心畫面本身:一個名詞說那團東西,一個動詞說把東西弄成那樣。

noun · B2

A soft wet mass that is neither properly solid nor properly liquid, especially food that has been cooked, crushed or soaked until it holds no shape; the word usually shows that the speaker does not like it that way.

糊狀物/爛糊

當成一道食物的糊

同樣是又濃又軟的一團,但這裡不是意外,是刻意煮出來的,所以沒有嫌棄的味道。

noun · C1

A thick soft food made by cooking cornmeal in water or milk, eaten hot like porridge or served as a thick side dish.

玉米糊(玉米粥)

軟到撐不住的比喻

把「沒有硬度、撐不出形狀」這件事,從食物移到人的腦袋和作品上。

noun · C1

If your brain, mind or heart turns to mush or goes to mush, it stops working in a firm, clear way: you cannot think straight any more, or you become soft and full of feeling.

腦袋(心)變得一團糊

A second word, same spelling

2

mush

n

唸法不同同樣的拼法,這個字的唸法跟另一個不一樣。/mʊʃ/

核心畫面

A third word wearing the same spelling, and often said with the vowel of put: /mʊʃ/. One way to hold it: a word that means man, borrowed into English street speech and used the way you would use mate — thrown across the street at someone whose name you do not know. From there it slides from the whole person to the part of him you are looking at, his face. Both uses are informal and both belong to particular places rather than to English everywhere.

第三個同樣拼法的字,母音常唸成 put 的那個音:/mʊʃ/。可以想成一個原本就是「男人」的字,被借進街頭口語,用法更多收起第三個同樣拼法的字,母音常唸成 put 的那個音:/mʊʃ/。可以想成一個原本就是「男人」的字,被借進街頭口語,用法像 mate——隔著街喊住一個叫不出名字的人。從整個人,再滑到你正看著的那一部分:他的臉。兩個用法都很口語,也都有明顯的地域性,不是全英語圈通用。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary records this mush as from Angloromani mush (man), from Romani mursh, from Sanskrit manuṣya (human being, man).

Wiktionary 記載這個 mush 來自 Angloromani 的 mush(男人),再往前是 Romani 的 mursh,源頭是梵文 manuṣya(人、男人)。這條線索正好解釋了它為什麼幾乎都用在男生身上。

Wiktionary via kaikki extract, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:719815578:6059

One branch

叫住一個人,和他的那張臉

從「男人」這個原意出發:先是拿來叫人,再從整個人縮到臉。

noun · C1

Used when speaking straight at a man, usually one you do not know, in place of his name — often in an angry or rough way, though friends also use it as a rough hello.

喂、老兄(叫住男生)

A second word, same spelling

3

mush

interj, v, n

唸法不同同樣的拼法,這個字的唸法跟另一個不一樣。/mʌʃ/

核心畫面

A different word that happens to be spelled the same. One way to hold it: a person standing behind a sledge in the snow, shouting one short word so that a line of dogs leans into the harness and goes. Everything in this group grows out of that shout — the act of travelling that way, and the trip itself. Nothing here is soft or wet; the picture is a command and a team moving off.

這是另一個剛好同樣拼法的字。可以想成一個人站在雪橇後面,對著前面一排狗喊出一個短短的字,狗就把挽具拉緊,往前衝出去。更多收起這是另一個剛好同樣拼法的字。可以想成一個人站在雪橇後面,對著前面一排狗喊出一個短短的字,狗就把挽具拉緊,往前衝出去。這一組全部從那一聲喊長出來:喊的那個口令、做這件事的動作、還有走完的那一趟路。這裡沒有任何「軟」或「濕」的成分,畫面是命令和一支隊伍起步。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary records this mush as believed to be a contraction of mush on, from Michif, itself a corruption of French marche or marchons (walk, let's move), the cry of voyageurs and coureurs de bois to their dogs.

Wiktionary 記載這個 mush 一般認為是 mush on 的縮短,來自 Michif,而 Michif 這個詞又是法文 marche/marchons(走、我們走)的變形——那是早年北美皮毛商和林中旅人趕狗時喊的話。

Wiktionary via kaikki extract, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:719802597:4130