這個拼法是2個不同的字，唸法也不同· 2 words spelled “defile”
- 1defile · make dirty弄髒/dɪˈfaɪl/One picture can carry this verb: a clean surface with dirt trodden into it.同樣的拼法，這個字的唸法跟另一個不一樣。
- 2defile · narrow mountain pass隘口；狹道/dɪˈfaɪl, ˈdiːfaɪl/This noun is a different word that happens to be spelled the same.同樣的拼法，這個字的唸法跟另一個不一樣。
defile · make dirty
verb/dɪˈfaɪl/One picture can carry this verb: a clean surface with dirt trodden into it. Not dust that settles by accident, but dirt that someone walks in. From that one image the word reaches in two directions. Keep it literal and you get soot on a white wall or oil in a stream. Let the dirt stand for disrespect and you get the use that matters most today: a grave, a temple, a flag, a good name treated as though it were nothing. The thing can usually be washed. What cannot be washed back is the sense that it was untouched.
From the word’s history
Wiktionary's first etymology traces this verb to Middle English defoulen, itself a blend of foulen (to make dirty, from foul) and Old French defoler (to trample, to crush). Both halves are still visible in how the word is used: something is made dirty, and it is made dirty by being walked on.
Wiktionary 的第一組字源把這個動詞追到中古英文 defoulen，它混合了 foulen（弄髒，來自 foul）和古法文 defoler（踐踏、輾壓）。兩邊今天都還看得見：東西被弄髒，而且是被踩髒的。
Wiktionary, "defile" (etymology 1)
defile · narrow mountain pass
noun/dɪˈfaɪl, ˈdiːfaɪl/This noun is a different word that happens to be spelled the same. The picture is a slot in the land: rock walls close on both sides, sky reduced to a thin line, so little room that a group of people has to string out one behind the other. Everything the word carries is in that squeeze — you cannot spread out, you cannot turn round easily, and whatever is waiting at the far end, you meet it a few at a time.
From the word’s history
Wiktionary's second etymology takes this word from French défiler, to march in single file, built on file, a line of things one behind another. A defile was named for what it forces you to do in it.
Wiktionary 的第二組字源把這個字追到法文 défiler（列隊行進），而它是從 file（一個接一個排成的線）來的。這個地方的名字，就是從它逼你怎麼走來的。
Wiktionary, "defile" (etymology 2)
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