意外留下的、洗不掉的痕跡
這一組就是核心畫面本身：不請自來的顏色滲進材質裡。
a hard-to-remove mark · noun · B2
A mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid such as coffee, juice, or ink.
污漬
核心畫面
One way to picture it: a liquid soaks into a surface and changes its colour from the inside, so the mark belongs to the material now — you can wash the surface, but the colour stays.
一種液體滲進了表面，把顏色留在材質「裡面」，而不是浮在上頭。咖啡潑到白襯衫、墨水滴到木桌——擦得掉的是水分，滲進去的…更多收起
一種液體滲進了表面，把顏色留在材質「裡面」，而不是浮在上頭。咖啡潑到白襯衫、墨水滴到木桌——擦得掉的是水分，滲進去的顏色留了下來，成為那塊布、那塊木頭的一部分。這個畫面有兩個關鍵：一是「顏色進到材質裡」，二是「拿不掉」。stain 的每一種用法，都是從這兩點長出來的：不小心留下的是污漬，故意做的是染色，落在一個人的名聲上就是洗不掉的污點。Three branches
刻意上色（木器染色）
同樣是讓顏色滲進材質、洗不掉，只是這次是人存心做的，而且要的就是那個「拿不掉」。
colour wood with liquid · verb · B2
To change the colour of something, especially something made of wood, by putting a special liquid on it.
（給木頭）上色、染色
名聲上的污點
把「洗不掉的漬」整個搬到一個人的名字上：做過的某件事像顏色一樣滲進他的名聲裡，之後怎麼解釋都留著。
a stain on somebody's character/reputation · noun · B2
Something that damages the good opinion people have of someone. It is used only in fixed phrases like a stain on somebody's character, name, or reputation.
污點
原始詞典資料11 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
stainnoun/steɪn/
- 1
A discolored spot or area caused by spillage or other contact with certain fluids or substances.
- 2
A blemish on one's character or reputation.
- 3
A substance used to soak into a surface and colour it.
- The wood will darken whether it is stained or not—the main function of a stain is to enhance the wood's natural color and emphasize its grain.
- 4
A reagent or dye used to stain microscope specimens so as to make some structures visible.
- 5
governmentheraldryhobbiesOne of a number of non-standard tinctures used chiefly in post-medieval heraldry, especially tenné, murrey, or sanguine.
stainverb/steɪn/
- 1
To discolor, as by spilling or other contact with a fluid or substance.
- to stain the hand with dye
- armour stained with blood
- 2
To taint or tarnish someone's character or reputation
- of Honour void, Of Innocence, of Faith, of Puritie, Our wonted Ornaments now soild and staind
- 3
To coat a surface with a stain
- to stain wood with acids, coloured washes, paint rubbed in, etc.
- the stained glass used for church windows
- 4
To become stained; to take a stain.
- 5
biologycytologyhistologyTo treat (a microscopic specimen) with a dye, especially one that dyes specific features
- 6
To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.
- She stains the ripest virgins of her age.
- that did all other beasts in beauty stain
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。