實體的硬
這一族就是核心畫面的字面版本，其他意思都從這裡借畫面出去。
stiff, won't bend · adjective · C2
Hard in shape, so that a thing will not bend or change form.
堅硬
核心畫面
One way to picture it: a thing that has stiffened solid — press it, push it, and it simply will not bend or take a new shape.
一樣東西硬邦邦地定住了，你去壓它、推它、想把它折彎，它就是不肯改變形狀——像一塊木板、一根鐵條，不像橡皮筋或布。這個…更多收起
一樣東西硬邦邦地定住了，你去壓它、推它、想把它折彎，它就是不肯改變形狀——像一塊木板、一根鐵條，不像橡皮筋或布。這個「僵住、不肯彎」的身體感，是這個字所有意思共用的底。從實體的硬，往外可以長到規則的硬（改不動）、人的硬（勸不動），還有身體嚇到動不了的那種硬。From the word’s history
From Latin rigidus 'stiff, hard', from rigeō 'to be stiff' — the modern word still carries the plain physical sense of something stiffened and unbending.
來自拉丁文 rigidus「僵硬的」，動詞 rigeō 是「發僵、變硬」（同一家族還有 rigor「僵硬、嚴格」）。這條線一路走到現代英文都沒走鐘：核心還是「硬到彎不下去」，只是後來也拿來說規則和人。
Wiktionary 'rigid' etymology tree (payload origin note)
Three branches
規則與人的不肯轉彎
把硬邦邦的畫面搬到抽象的東西上：規則像鐵條一樣沒有彈性，人像鐵條一樣扳不動。
strict, unchangeable rules · adjective · C2
Used about methods, rules, or systems that are very strict and that people cannot easily change.
死板
身體僵住
硬回到身體上，但這次不是材質的硬，而是一瞬間的凍結：情緒強到肌肉全部鎖死。
frozen still (body) · adjective · C2
When a person's body will not move, often because they are very frightened, shocked, or angry.
僵住
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
rigidadj/ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/
- 1
Stiff, rather than flexible.
- 2
Having inflexible thoughts, opinions, or beliefs.
- 3
Fixed, rather than moving.
- A sunflower, four more, one bowed, and horses in the distance standing rigid and still as toys.
- 4
Rigorous and unbending.
- 5
Uncompromising.
- Despite arguments to the contrary, she remained rigid in her stand.
rigidnoun/ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/
- 1
aeronauticsaerospaceaviationAn airship whose shape is maintained solely by an internal and/or external rigid structural framework, without using internal gas pressure to stiffen the vehicle (the lifting gas is at atmospheric pressure); typically also equipped with multiple redundant gasbags, unlike other types of airship.
- The rigid could reach the greatest sizes and speeds of any airship, but was expensive to build and bulky to store. Rigids fell out of favor after the R101 and Hindenburg disasters made the type seem unsafe to the travelling public.
- 2
A bicycle with no suspension system.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。