核心畫面

A useful way to picture it: something so small in size or weight that it shouldn't take up much of anyone's attention — a scratch on a car, a two-dollar argument. The word doesn't just measure smallness; it carries a judgement that this thing does not deserve the space it is being given.

一件小到不值得佔用心力的事——車身上的一道刮痕、為了兩塊錢起的爭執。重點不只是「小」,還帶著一個評價在裡面:這件事沒更多收起一件小到不值得佔用心力的事——車身上的一道刮痕、為了兩塊錢起的爭執。重點不只是「小」,還帶著一個評價在裡面:這件事沒有大到值得你花這麼多注意力。所以 petty 幾乎從來不是中性的形容,它一邊說「這很小」,一邊暗示「而你正在把它放大」。這個「小 + 不值得」的組合,是五個用法共同的底。

From the word’s history

From Old French petit ("little, small"), which is still the everyday French word for small — English kept the sound but narrowed it to smallness that carries a dismissive tone.

這個字來自古法語 petit(小的),也就是今天法語裡最普通的那個「小」。英語借進來以後聲音留著,意思卻收窄了:不再拿來說任何東西小,而是專門用在「小到不值一提」的場合。知道它就是 petit,你會馬上感覺到 petty 的骨架其實只是「小」,其餘的貶意都是英語後來加上去的。

The entry's attested origin note: Middle English peti/pety ← Anglo-Norman/Old French petit ("little, small; minor").

Four branches

事情本身不重要

直接就是核心畫面:拿來衡量事情的大小與份量。

petty, trivial · adjective · C2

A petty problem, detail, or argument is small and not important.

瑣碎

人被小事佔滿了心

把「小」從事情移到人身上:心裡裝的東西小,人就顯得刻薄。

petty, small-minded · adjective · C2

Unkind, because you care too much about small, unimportant things.

小心眼

法律上的輕微層級

同樣是「規模小」,但被法律借去當正式的分級,不帶罵人的味道。

petty, minor (crime) · adjective · C2

Used about a crime that is not serious, for example stealing things that are not worth much.

輕微的

官位小卻愛擺威風

把「職位小」和「心眼小」疊在一起:權力很小的人,把那一點權力用得很大聲。

petty, minor official · adjective · C2

An official who is not important, especially when they use their small power as if they were important.

芝麻官的

原始詞典資料10 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Pettyname/ˈpɛti/

  • 1

    A surname.

pettyadj/ˈpɛt.i/

  • 1

    derogatoryHaving little or no importance.

    • a petty fault    petty squabbles
    • Your minde is toſſing on the Ocean, / There vvhere your Argoſies vvith portly ſayle, / Like Signiors and rich Burgars on the flood, / Or as it vvere the Pageants of the ſea, / Doe ouer-peere the petty traffiquers / That curſie to them, do them reuerence / As they flie by them vvith their vvouen vvings.
  • 2

    derogatoryOf persons or their behaviour: marked by or reflective of undesirably limited interests, sympathies, or views; begrudging, selfish, small-minded; also, preoccupied with subjects having little or no importance and not mindful of broader concerns.

    • Such literature may well be anathema to those who are too docile and petty for their own good.
    • That corporation is only slightly pettier than they are greedy, and they are overdue to reap the consequences.
  • 3

    derogatoryinformalInclined to cause frustration or annoyance to others out of spite over minor grievances; extremely vindictive.

    • My cousin is so petty—I forgot his birthday and he's been making snarky comments all week.
    • All of the horrors that happen in the book are based on real incidents, including the burning of her father's books in their front yard. "It was just a very petty, ugly thing to do, to say 'Fuck you' to academics and intellectuals," she says. " I can't imagine losing my books, the books I love."
  • 4

    historicalOf or relating to the lowest grade or level of school; junior, primary.

    • Friends are separated for long portions of time even while they live; at last they take their leave for ever: although, I remember, when you left me in the petty form at Westminster, I soon afterwards found you in a higher remove: and this world is only the petty form of the universe; so I not only expect to pass a social hour with you here, but am in hopes of a merry meeting in a better place; […]
    • This finishes their education in the under school, in which they have now been three years and a half, and they are next moved into the upper, and probably at the age of ten or eleven; six or seven being the age at which boys are generally sent into the petty form.
  • 5

    Little or small in size.

    • To morrow, and to morrow, and to morrow, / Creepes in this petty pace from day to day, / To the laſt Syllable of Recorded time: / And all our yeſterdayes, haue lighted Fooles / The way to duſty death.
  • 6

    Secondary in importance or rank; minor, subordinate.

    • petty cash    petty officer
    • 3. Out[law]. […] My ſelfe vvas from Verona baniſhed, / For practiſing to ſteale avvay a Lady, / And heire and Neece, alide vnto the Duke. / […] / 1. Out[law]. And I, for ſuch like petty crimes as theſe.

pettynoun/ˈpɛt.i/

  • 1

    dialectalinformalAn outbuilding used as a lavatory; an outhouse, a privy.

    • If these houses had been built by his Lordship every one would have had his petty, at all events dividing the odour & also having a chance that some of the occupiers would clean out—but a common occupation is nobody's business, unless the owner of all the buildings takes it in hand.
    • Cottages occupied by Betty Hines and others; petty in a very filthy state, wants walling. Two petties belonging to Mr. James Parr to be walled, and one next Thomas Wilkinson's to be removed further off.
  • 2

    historicalA class or school for young schoolboys.

    • […] I took my seat in what was denominated, "The Idle Class", that is, at the very bottom of the school, where all those who have not received some previous instruction in Latin are placed. I however soon got out of that disgraceful and ignorant form, passed with rapidity and eclat the under and upper petty, and entered into the upper first, […]
    • [S]uch a difference of age between lads at a public school puts intimacy out of the question—a junior ensign being no more familiar with the commander-in-chief at the Horse-Guards; or a barrister on his first circuit with my Lord Chief Justice on the bench, than the newly-breeched infant in the Petties with a senior boy in a tailed coat.
  • 3

    obsoleteA little schoolboy, either in grade or size.

    • [S]ome of them, which were the Petties and Punies of that ſchoole, whereof old Martin [Marprelate] was the maſter; though then he was but as ſome blinde and obſcure pariſh Clarke that taught in the Belfrie, not preſuming, as hee doth nowe, to preſſe into the Church, (that place in reſpect of the appurtenances being fitter for him) began but rawly with their little a, b, c.
    • As the maiden therefore vvas comming into the market place, (for there vvere the ſchools for peties kept, of reading and vvriting) the Decemvirs man (a broker to ſerve his maſters luſt) laid hold upon her, avovving that ſhe vvas his bond-ſervants daughter, and therefore his bond-maid: commanding her to follovv him, and threatning beſides, that if ſhe made any ſtays, he vvould have her avvay perforce.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。