核心畫面

This entry holds two different words that happen to be spelled the same. One is the dug hole where a body is buried — picture the earth opened, then closed again with a stone on top. The other is 'heavy': a face, a situation, or a voice weighed down by something serious. Do not try to bend one into the other; keep them as two pictures.

這一筆其實裝著兩個拼法相同的字,可以分開來記。一個是挖出來埋人的坑——泥土翻開,再蓋回去,上面立一塊碑。另一個的畫面更多收起這一筆其實裝著兩個拼法相同的字,可以分開來記。一個是挖出來埋人的坑——泥土翻開,再蓋回去,上面立一塊碑。另一個的畫面比較像「重」:一張臉、一個局面、一個聲音,被某件嚴重的事壓得沉沉的。不用硬把兩邊接在一起,把它們當成兩張圖各記各的反而清楚。

From the word’s history

Etymonline separates them: grave 'burial place' is Old English graef, from a PIE root meaning 'to dig, scrape'; the adjective grave 'serious' (1540s) is from French grave, Latin gravis 'heavy', and the grave accent (c.1600) comes from that same Latin word.

Etymonline 把它們分開處理:墳墓的 grave 來自古英文 graef,字根的意思是「挖」;形容詞 grave「嚴重的」(1540 年代)來自法文 grave、拉丁文 gravis「重的」,而法文那個重音符號 grave(約 1600 年)也是從同一個拉丁字來的。所以「挖」跟「重」是兩條沒有交集的線,後兩者才是同源。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entries 'grave (n.1)', 'grave (adj.)' and 'grave (n.2)'

From the picture

沉甸甸的嚴重

這一支跟墳墓沒有關係,走的是拉丁文 gravis「重的」那條線:事情很重,人的表情也就跟著沉下來。

very serious · adjective · B2

Very serious, important, and worrying.

嚴重的

法文的沉音符號

這個用法從「重」那條線借來當名字,指字母上方那一撇符號,用在語言學和外語課本裡。

grave accent mark · adjective · B2

Used to describe a small mark placed above a letter in some languages, such as the è in French, which shows how to say it.

(重音符號)沉音的

Also in this word

burial hole · noun · B2

A hole dug in the earth to hold a dead body, usually marked with a stone.

墳墓

death (literary) · noun · B2

Death, thought of as the end of a person's life — used mostly in stories and poems.

死亡

原始詞典資料21 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Gravename

  • 1

    A surname.

gravenoun詞源 1/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.

    • He had lain in the grave four days.
    • Let mee not be ashamed, O Lord, for I haue called vpon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the graue.
  • 2

    Any place of interment.

  • 3

    Any place containing one or more corpses.

  • 4

    Death, destruction.

    • […]Meeting is pleasure, parting is a grief; / An inconstant lover is worse than a thief; / A thief can but rob you, and take all you have, / An inconstant lover will bring you to the grave![…]
    • […]balanced on the biggest wave you race towards an early grave.
  • 5

    Deceased people; the dead.

    • "Hold your jaw, woman! I've had enough to vex me to-day without you startin' your tantrums. You're jealous of the grave. That's wot's the matter with you." "And her brats can insult me as they like - me that 'as cared for you these five years."

graveverb詞源 2/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    archaicTo dig.

    • He hath graven and digged up a pit.
  • 2

    archaicTo carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.

    • Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.
    • Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.
  • 3

    archaicTo carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.

    • to grave an image
  • 4

    archaicTo impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.

    • O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
  • 5

    archaicTo entomb; to bury.

    • […]And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
  • 6

    archaicTo write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.

graveadj詞源 3/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness.

    • [Mercuti] Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.
  • 2

    Low in pitch, tone etc.

    • The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
  • 3

    Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable.

    • Israel’s behaviour is doing grave damage to the Palestinian people and to any hope for peace.
    • Khrushchev made a grave miscalculation when he failed to appreciate the growing opposition to his power and overestimated the support of his bureaucracy.
  • 4

    datedhuman-scienceslinguisticsphonologyDull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )

  • 5

    obsoleteInfluential, important; authoritative.

    • An illiterate fool sits in a mans seat; and the common people hold him learned, grave, and wise.

gravenoun詞源 3/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    A grave accent, the diacritic mark `.

gravenoun詞源 4/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    historicalA count, prefect, or person holding office.

graveverb詞源 5/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    obsoletenauticaltransportTo clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves were formerly used for this purpose.

gravenoun詞源 6/ɡɹeɪv/

  • 1

    obsoleteA kilogram.

    • At the origin of the metric system the new unit of weight was called the grave, and was equivalent to the kilogram. The denomination grave would in some respects have been preferable to kilogram.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。