喜樂美語

核心畫面

You can hold one picture for the whole word: something is shut inside a locked place, and someone finds a way out of it. At first the thing shut in was a person and the wall was a prison. Later it was a phone, and the wall was the rule the maker wrote into the software. Later still it was an AI model, held inside its own list of things it will not say. In all three, the same three parts are there: a wall, a lock that somebody else put on, and a clever way through.

整個字可以想成同一個畫面：有東西被關在上了鎖的地方，然後有人找到出口。最早被關的是人，牆是監獄。後來被關的是手機，鎖…更多收起整個字可以想成同一個畫面：有東西被關在上了鎖的地方，然後有人找到出口。最早被關的是人，牆是監獄。後來被關的是手機，鎖是廠商寫進系統裡的規定。再後來被關的是 AI 模型，圍住它的是它自己那份「不能講」的清單。三個場景裡都有同樣三樣東西：一道牆、一把別人上的鎖、一條有人想出來的縫。認得這個畫面，這個字的每一個用法都不必分開背。

From the word’s history

The word is jail + break, and the two halves still say the whole thing: a break out of a jail. Every newer use keeps that literal picture and only changes what is doing the breaking out.

這個字就是 jail（監獄）加 break（弄破、闖出去）。字面上就是「把監獄弄開走出去」。後來的每一個新用法都留著這個字面畫面，只是換了「被關住的是誰」。

Wiktionary, entry 'jailbreak' (evidence packet field etymology_text: 'From jail + break.')

Three branches

從監獄逃出來

這一族就是核心畫面本身：真的牆、真的鎖、真的人。後面兩族都是從這裡借過去的。

noun · B2

An escape from prison, or an attempt at one. It usually names an escape that was planned, and that several prisoners made together. It names the whole event, not only the moment of getting out.

越獄

把裝置上的鎖打開

手機被想成一間上了鎖的房間：廠商蓋牆，也拿著鑰匙。你買了手機，卻不能決定裡面能跑什麼。於是同一個字被搬過來，講「從那間房間走出去」。

verb · B2

To change the system software on a phone or another locked device, so that it can run apps and use settings that the company which made it does not allow. People say it most about iPhones, and it is informal technology talk.

越獄（改手機系統）

讓 AI 跳出自己的規則

這一族把牆換成了規則：模型被設定成有些話不講，而那份設定就是它的監獄。繞過去的人沒有敲開任何硬體，只是把話講成另一種樣子。

verb · C1

To word a request in a way that gets an AI model to step past its own safety rules and answer something it is built to refuse.

越獄（讓 AI 跳出規則）

原始詞典資料9 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

jailbreaknoun/ˈd͡ʒeɪlˌbɹeɪk/

  • 1

    An escape from prison.

  • 2

    computingengineeringmathematicsA modification to a closed platform's technical restrictions that enables installation or execution of software (or OS modification) the platform's original design was intended to prevent. Typical devices are iPhones and game consoles.

  • 3

    A prompt to a large language model which frees it from its ethical restrictions.

    • DAN has become a canonical example of what's known as a "jailbreak" — a creative way to bypass the safeguards OpenAI built in to keep ChatGPT from spouting bigotry, propaganda or, say, the instructions to run a successful online phishing scam. From charming to disturbing, these jailbreaks reveal the chatbot is programmed to be more of a people-pleaser than a rule-follower.
    • The jailbreak of ChatGPT has been in operation since December, but users have had to find new ways around fixes OpenAI implemented to stop the workarounds.
  • 4

    hobbiesice-hockeylifestyleA rule present in some ice hockey leagues that causes a penalty to end if the short-handed team scores.

  • 5

    hobbiesice-hockeylifestyleA rule present in some ice hockey leagues that causes a penalty to end if the short-handed team scores.

jailbreakverb/ˈd͡ʒeɪlˌbɹeɪk/

  • 1

    To escape from prison.

  • 2

    computingengineeringmathematicsTo modify the firmware of an electronic device, especially a mobile phone, in order to remove restrictions that prevent it from running unofficial software.

    • Unofficially, it has been possible to “Jailbreak” iOS and gain access to the underlying Unix and kernel environment, but this voids the warranty.
    • In order to gain true root access to a mobile device, a user has to either jailbreak (iOS) or root (Android/Windows) the device.
  • 3

    To free a large language model from its ethical restrictions using prompt injection.

    • ChatGPT is far from perfect. Twitter has been flooded with examples of "jailbreaking" ChatGPT — that is, tricking it into hallucinations or misalignment.
    • These are young technologies. Rather than jailbreaking AI tools to simulate conversations between the rapper Ye and Adolf Hitler, or waiting uneasily for them to become sentient, why don't we approach them as good parents would — and talk to them, or read to them, the way we do to children?
  • 4

    hobbiesice-hockeylifestyleTo score while short-handed in a league with the "jailbreak" rule.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。