喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold this word: something that used to give way, and now does not. Heat and cooling do it to steel; years of weather do it to mud; years of the same hard job do it to a person. The word never describes the moment of pressing — it describes what is left afterwards, standing there refusing to bend. That is why the same word can sit in front of steel, in front of a police officer, and in front of an air base without changing its shape.

hardened 的核心畫面可以想成：本來會讓步的東西，現在不讓了。鋼是被加熱又急冷弄硬的；泥土是被太陽和風曬硬的；…更多收起hardened 的核心畫面可以想成：本來會讓步的東西，現在不讓了。鋼是被加熱又急冷弄硬的；泥土是被太陽和風曬硬的；人是被同一份辛苦工作磨硬的。這個字從來不是在講「被壓的那一刻」，而是在講「壓完之後剩下的樣子」——就那樣立在那裡，不彎。所以同一個字可以接在 steel 前面、接在 police officer 前面、也可以接在 air base 前面，畫面都不用換。

Three branches

東西真的變硬了

最字面的一支，也是其他用法借來的那張圖：可以彎的東西被處理過，就不再彎了。

adjective · B2

Made hard, or made harder than normal — usually on purpose, so that metal, glass, ground or food will not bend, break or wear away.

硬化的；經過強化的

人被磨到不再有感覺

這次被處理的是人，處理的方式是時間和重複。原本會痛的地方，看久了就不痛了。

adjective · C1

Used in front of words like criminal, soldier, police officer or reporter: someone who has met shocking or painful things so many times at work that those things no longer move them.

見慣風浪的；被工作磨硬的

立場硬住不動

被弄硬的這次是想法或習慣：不是感覺沒了，而是位置卡住了，推不動。

adjective · C1

Fixed so firmly in a habit or an opinion that the person is unlikely to change, and often does not want to.

積習難改的；立場硬住不動的

原始詞典資料6 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

hardenedadj/ˈhɑːdn̩d/

  • 1

    Made physically hard.

    • hardened steel
  • 2

    Having been accustomed or desensitized to something unpleasant through exposure or experience; inured.

    • hardened police officers
  • 3

    Unfeeling; pitiless; callous.

    • The bloody scene could reduce even the most hardened soldier to tears.
    • In the past, Lutao was considered somewhat mysterious, because of the national penitentiary which housed the most hardened criminals, and the restrictions on travel to the island, which have since been loosened.
  • 4

    Firmly established in a behavior seen as bad; unlikely to change one's ways; inveterate.

    • hardened criminals
  • 5

    computingengineeringgovernmentHaving extra defences against attack; highly fortified.

    • a hardened air base
    • a hardened server

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。