核心畫面

Picture a figure with nothing taken off yet — the whole lump, before tax, before the packaging is , before anything is tidied away. From that unrefined wholeness English also gets 'so big it is blatant' (gross negligence) and, in casual speech, 'crude enough to turn your stomach'. One use, the count of 144, shows no clear link to the rest.

可以想成:一個還沒扣掉任何東西的數字——整坨都算進去,稅還沒扣、包裝還沒扣、什麼都還沒整理過。從這個「未經修剪的整體更多收起可以想成:一個還沒扣掉任何東西的數字——整坨都算進去,稅還沒扣、包裝還沒扣、什麼都還沒整理過。從這個「未經修剪的整體」的感覺,英文也長出「大到明顯得不像話」(gross negligence 重大過失),以及口語裡「粗糙到令人反胃」的用法。另外還有一個意思是 144 個,它跟前面看不出清楚的關聯,分開記就好。

From the picture

嚴重到明顯不像話

從「整坨、沒經過修飾」延伸出「明顯、誇張」:錯得那麼大,一眼就看得出來,沒有模糊空間。這一支語氣正式,多半出現在法律和正式譴責裡。

blatantly wrong · adjective · C1

Clearly very wrong and completely unacceptable.

嚴重的/惡劣的

噁心(口語)

同樣是「粗糙、未經修飾」的感覺,落到感官上就成了反胃。這一支是道地的口語,跟前面正式的用法語域差很遠。

disgusting · adjective · C1

So ugly or disgusting that you do not want to look at it or even think about it.

噁心

144 個(一籮)

這個意思跟前面幾支看不出清楚的關聯,當成獨立的一個計量單位記就好。

144, a dozen dozen · noun · C1

A quantity of 144 things, that is, twelve dozen.

一籮(144 個)

Also in this word

gross, before tax · adjective · C1

Being the total amount, before tax and other costs are taken out.

總額的/稅前的

gross weight · adjective · C1

The gross weight of something is its total weight, including its box or wrapping.

毛重的

before tax (adv) · r · C1

If you earn an amount gross, it is the amount before tax is taken away.

稅前地

earn, before tax · verb · C1

To earn or bring in an amount of money as a total, before tax or costs are taken away.

總收入為/賺進(毛額)

原始詞典資料17 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Grossname/ɡɹəʊs/

  • 1

    A surname from Middle English, originally a nickname for a big man, from Middle English gros (“large”).

    • This is FRESH AIR. I'm Dave Davies, in today for Terry Gross.
  • 2

    A village in Nebraska, having a population of two as of 2010.

grossadj/ɡɹəʊs/

  • 1

    remarkably great, big, vast in an often unpleasant way; (of behaviour) Highly or conspicuously offensive.

    • a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence; a gross insult
    • Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault: / On what condition stands it and wherein? / Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree, / In gross rebellion and detested treason:
  • 2

    Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.

    • gross domestic product; gross income; gross weight
    • What is the gross sum that I owe thee?
  • 3

    medicinepathologysciencesSeen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.

    • gross anatomy
    • We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.
  • 4

    informalCausing disgust.

    • I threw up all over the bed. It was totally gross.
    • Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.
  • 5

    Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.

    • Pog. Forsooth my Maister said that hee loved her almost as well as hee loved parmasent, and swore […] that shee wanted such a Nose as his was, to be as pretty a young woeman, as was any in Parma. Do. Oh grose!
    • Verjuice. She certainly has Talents. / Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.
  • 6

    Lacking refinement; not of high quality.

    • The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]
    • He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.
  • 7

    Dense, heavy.

    • ⁠Thy spirit ere our fatal loss / ⁠Did ever rise from high to higher; / ⁠As mounts the heavenward altar-fire, / As flies the lighter thro’ the gross.
  • 8

    Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.

    • Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.
    • He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.
另外 3 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    Difficult or impossible to see through.

    • Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king, / And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne, / Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,
    • For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
  • 10

    archaicNot sensitive in perception or feeling.

    • For he is groſſe and like the maſſie earth, / That mooues not vpwards, nor by princely deeds / Doth meane to ſoare aboue the highest ſort.
    • For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
  • 11

    obsoleteEasy to perceive.

    • […] though the truth of it stands off as gross / As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.

grossnoun/ɡɹəʊs/

  • 1

    Twelve dozen = 144.

    • We need to order three gross of torx screws for next week.
  • 2

    The total amount (of goods, money, etc) before taxes, expenses, exceptions, tares, or similar deductions are subtracted.

  • 3

    The bulk; the mass.

grossverb/ɡɹəʊs/

  • 1

    To earn money, not including expenses.

    • The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.
    • The film grossed $464 million worldwide, ensconcing her in the Hollywood A-list.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。