核心畫面

To contrive is to work something out and put it together. A contrivance is what comes out of that work — a thing somebody made on purpose, for one job. The making still shows on it. Hold that picture and the other uses follow: the plan is a contrivance you cannot touch, and the criticism is what happens when the making shows too much.

contrive 是「動腦筋把東西弄出來」。contrivance 可以想成是那個弄出來的成果:為了一件事特地做出來更多收起contrive 是「動腦筋把東西弄出來」。contrivance 可以想成是那個弄出來的成果:為了一件事特地做出來的東西,而且身上還看得見人工的痕跡。抓住這個畫面,另外兩個用法就接得上了。一個是把東西換成辦法:弄出來的不是機器,是一套安排。另一個是把痕跡當缺點:做的痕跡太明顯,讀者就看穿了。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary gives contrivance as contrive + -ance, with the suffix arriving through Old French -ance from Latin -antia. A suffix that turns a verb into the action or the result of it fits all three uses: the thing made, the plan made, and the making that shows.

資料說 contrivance 是 contrive 加上字尾 -ance;-ance 這一路從古法文 -ance、拉丁文 -antia 過來,作用是把動詞變成「那個動作」或「那個成果」的名詞。所以字面上就是「弄出來這件事/弄出來的東西」。三個用法剛好都落在這兩個位置上:做出來的機器、想出來的辦法,以及「做的痕跡」本身。

Wiktionary entry for contrivance, etymology tree, supplied in this batch packet as kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:848499342

Two branches

弄出來的東西與辦法

這一組就是核心畫面的兩種成果。一種摸得到,一種摸不到,但都是有人坐下來想出來、拼出來的。

noun · C1

A machine or piece of equipment that has been made to do one particular job.

裝置、器械

痕跡被看見的時候

同樣是「人工做出來」的痕跡,這一組把它當成缺點在講。東西做得好,你不會注意到它是被做出來的;一被看穿,這個字就轉成批評。

noun · C1

Something that has clearly been put into a story, a plan, or a situation on purpose to make things work out, and that does not feel natural. People usually say this to show that they do not like it.

刻意的安排