交出自己（停止對抗）
交出去的東西是「自己」：不再抵抗，把人身交到對方手裡。
surrender, stop fighting · verb · C2
To say in an official way that you will stop a fight or a war, because you know you cannot win. Used of people, armies, and countries.
投降
核心畫面
Picture open hands giving something over to the other side — a sword, a key, a passport, or your own person — because holding on is no longer possible. The thing passes out of your control and into theirs.
兩手張開，把手上的東西遞出去給對方——一把劍、一把鑰匙、一本護照，或者你自己這個人——因為已經抓不住了。重點不只是「…更多收起
兩手張開，把手上的東西遞出去給對方——一把劍、一把鑰匙、一本護照，或者你自己這個人——因為已經抓不住了。重點不只是「輸了」，而是「原本在我這邊的東西，現在過到你那邊」。所有用法都繞著這個交出的動作轉：交出的可能是武器、是自己、是文件，也可能是心裡那道防線。From the word’s history
Middle English surrendren comes from Old French sur- ("over") + rendre ("to give, hand back") — literally "to give over". The modern core is still that: handing something over to the other side. The noun came into English by the same route, as the French infinitive used as a noun.
surrender 來自古法語 sur-（over，過去、越過）加 rendre（交、給回），字面就是「交過去」。今天的核心畫面其實一點沒變——還是那個把東西遞到對方手上的動作。名詞是同一條路徑進來的：法語的不定詞直接被當成名詞用。兩個詞源條目講的是同一個字的動詞形和名詞形，不是兩個互不相干的字，所以這裡只用一個核心畫面。
Wiktionary, "surrender" (verb: Middle English surrendren < Old French surrendre, from sur- + rendre; noun: Middle English surrendre < Anglo-Norman surrendre, infinitive used as noun)
Four branches
交出東西（被迫或依規定）
最貼近核心的一支：真的有一件東西從你手上過到別人手上。
hand over, forced · verb · C2
To hand over something or someone, especially because you are forced to — such as weapons, power, camera film, or your independence.
交出
對感覺鬆手
敵人從外面移到裡面：交出去的是「不被某種情緒帶走」的那份控制權。
give in to a feeling · verb · C2
To stop fighting a feeling or a force, and let it take control of you.
屈服
名詞：那個交出的行為
把上面三支動詞各自凝結成一個可以指稱、可以簽署、可以談判的事件。
act of surrendering · noun · C2
The official act of stopping a fight or a war because you know you cannot win, used of people, armies, and countries.
投降
原始詞典資料10 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
surrenderverb詞源 1/səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/
- 1
To give up into the power, control, or possession of another.
- 2
governmentmilitarypoliticsTo yield (a town, a fortification, etc.) to an enemy.
- 3
To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in.
- Don't shoot! I surrender!
- 4
To give up possession of; to yield; to resign.
- to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage
- 5
To yield (oneself) to an influence, emotion, passion, etc.
- to surrender oneself to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep
- 6
blackjackgamesTo abandon (one's hand of cards) and recover half of the initial bet.
- 7
businessinsuranceFor a policyholder, to voluntarily terminate an insurance contract before the end of its term, usually with the expectation of receiving a surrender value.
surrendernoun詞源 2/səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/
- 1
An act of surrendering, submission into the possession of another; a feeling of abandonment and resignation; the deliberate cessation of struggle over outcomes.
- 2
The yielding or delivery of a possession in response to a demand.
- 3
lawpropertyThe yielding of the leasehold estate by the lessee to the landlord, so that the tenancy for years merges in the reversion and no longer exists.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。