核心畫面

Think of someone going down a list — meaning, value, right and wrong, faith, law, government — and crossing every line out, until the page is blank. All the uses of nihilism are that same act of crossing out. What changes from one use to the next is only which column is being struck through.

nihilism 可以想成一個畫面:有人拿著一張清單,上面寫著意義、價值、對錯、信仰、法律、制度,然後一項一項劃掉,更多收起nihilism 可以想成一個畫面:有人拿著一張清單,上面寫著意義、價值、對錯、信仰、法律、制度,然後一項一項劃掉,最後整張紙空白。這個字的每個用法,做的都是同一個「劃掉」的動作。不同的只是他劃掉的是哪一欄。

From the word’s history

From Latin nihil ("nothing"), from nihilum, from ne- (negating prefix) + hilum ("a trifle, not in the least"); English probably took the word via French nihilisme, German Nihilismus or Late Latin nihilismus.

字根是拉丁文 nihil,意思就是「什麼都沒有」,再往前拆是 ne-(否定)加 hilum(一丁點)。英文大概是經由法文 nihilisme、德文 Nihilismus 或晚期拉丁文借來的。所以「歸零」不是比喻,而是這個字面上寫著的東西。

Wiktionary entry supplied in this packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:877778602:61727)

Two branches

意義與規範被劃掉

這一支劃掉的是「意義」那一欄,以及跟著倒下的道德、宗教、法律。

noun · C1

The belief that life, and everything people do in it, has no real meaning, purpose or value.

虛無主義

制度被劃掉

同一個劃掉的動作,這次落在看得見的制度上:政府、法律、學校、教會。

noun · C2

The idea that all social and political institutions — governments, laws, courts, schools, churches — should be pulled down.

(政治上的)虛無主義;否定一切體制