- 1存在主義
Existentialism is a family of modern philosophies (Sartre is the name students meet most) that puts the person, not a ready-made script, at the centre. The tidy school line is: the world has no meaning, and you are responsible for your own acts and experiences. Though actually, that is a little too neat. Many of these say meaning is not handed to you in advance by God or by a fixed “human nature.” You exist first; then, by choosing, you make who you are — and you cannot pass that weight to someone else. Some write as if you must create meaning; others, like Camus, are closer to living with the absurd than to wearing the school label. It is a 20th-century classroom word, serious and European in flavour, not a mood and not the same as “nothing matters, so why try.” That last idea is closer to nihilism, and existentialism is often fighting it: if nothing is written for you, your choices matter more, not less.
組成existential + -ism (a belief or system of thought). Built on the same Late Latin line as existential: existentia (“existence”) from existō / exsistō (“to exist”).
同家族的字
- existentialthe adjective — relating to existence, or to this philosophy
- existentialista person who holds the view, or work written in that spirit
- existthe simple verb underneath the whole family
- existencethe noun — the fact of being
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
existentialismnoun/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m/
- 1
human-sciencesphilosophysciencesA 20th-century philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices; also (generally), a philosophy which emphasizes existence over essence.
- The heyday of existentialism occurred in the mid-twentieth century.
- This [dialectal] theology takes sides against idealism and for ‘existentialism’, in other words, for a philosophy which makes being its starting-point. But in the idealists there are already highly significant elements of existentialism, as [Eduard] Spranger convincingly urges.
- 2
human-sciencesphilosophysciencesThe philosophical views of a particular thinker associated with the existentialist movement.
- Sartre’s existentialism is atheistic, but the existentialism of Marcel is distinctly Christian.
- In the "existentialisms" of [Martin] Heidegger, [Karl] Jaspers, [Jean-Paul] Sartre, [Gabriel] Marcel, etc., no less than in the "dialectal" or "crisis" theology of Karl Barth and his associates, [Søren] Kirkegaard's thought lives on as a challenge to the twentieth century.
- 3
historicalhuman-sciencesphilosophysciencesSynonym of structuralism (“a school of thought that focuses on exploring the individual elements of consciousness, how they are organized into more complex experiences, and how these mental phenomena correlate with physical events”).
- I sought to 'psychologise' [Franz] Brentano's act as being, existentially, the temporal factor intrinsic to psychological subject-matter. […] My attempt sprang, indeed, from a rather desperate desire somehow to bring intentionalism and existentialism together at close quarters, and to transcend the mere calling of names.
- [T]here was the argument of existentialism that the qualities of experience, or of the contents of gnomic mind, rather than acts constitute the subject matter of psychology.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。