One way to hold `ill-tempered` is to read the two halves: ill in its older meaning of bad, plus tempered, having a temper. A temper that has come out badly. Small things land on it and it goes off. The word then points either at one person who is always like that, or at a whole room that became like that for an hour.

ill-tempered 可以想成把兩半拆開來看。ill 在這裡是舊一點的用法,意思是「壞的」,跟 ill will、ill health 的 ill 一樣,不是「生病」。tempered 來自 temper(脾氣)。合起來的畫面,是一副「配壞了的脾氣」:小小的事情落上去,它就炸開。這個畫面可以指一個人長年都是這樣。也可以指一群人只有那一個小時是這樣。所以同一個字,一邊貼在人身上,一邊貼在場合上。

From the word’s history

Wiktionary gives the formation directly: from ill + tempered.

維基詞典直接寫出它的組成:ill 加 tempered。這條線索的用處在於提醒讀者,這裡的 ill 是「壞」而不是「病」。

Wiktionary, "ill-tempered"

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