這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字,意思沒有關係, 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 weed (unwanted plant) · weed

1

weed

n, v

核心畫面

A plant nobody planted, growing fast and unwanted in ground you are trying to keep for something else.

一片你照顧的地:菜園、花圃、田。你種下去的東西得澆水、得等;可是沒人請的植物自己長出來了,長得又快又猛,把陽光、水分更多收起一片你照顧的地:菜園、花圃、田。你種下去的東西得澆水、得等;可是沒人請的植物自己長出來了,長得又快又猛,把陽光、水分、土裡的養分都先搶走。weed 就是這種「沒人要、自己來、還特別會長」的植物。它的關鍵不在長相,而在位置和態度——同一株草長在野地就只是草,長在你的菜畦裡才叫 weed。

From the word’s history

Noun from Old English wēod "weed" (Proto-West Germanic *weud); the verb from Old English wēodian "to weed, uproot" — the same word, one as the plant, one as the act of pulling it.

weed(雜草)來自古英語 wēod,再往上到原始西日耳曼語 *weud,一路下來就是「雜草」的意思,沒有轉過彎;動詞 weed(除草)來自古英語 wēodian「拔草、除草」,是同一個字長出來的動作。所以名詞和動詞是同一株植物的兩面:一個是它長在那裡,一個是你把它拔掉。

Wiktionary, entries "weed" (noun, from Old English wēod) and "weed" (verb, from Old English wēodian)

Three branches

長錯地方的植物

這一支就是核心畫面本身:沒人種、自己長、佔走空間的植物,以及把它拔掉的動作。

weed (unwanted plant) · noun · C2

A plant that grows by itself in a garden or field where you do not want it, and that takes space and water from crops or flowers.

雜草

雜草的兩個特徵:又多又賤

這裡講的已經不是植物本身,而是把雜草給人的印象搬過來形容別的東西。

like weeds (in large numbers) · noun · C2

Used in the comparison like weeds, to say that things appear in very large numbers, the way wild plants spread. Separately, to be 'in the weeds' means to be swamped — so busy you cannot keep up: 'sorry for the slow reply, I've been in the weeds all week.' It started in restaurant kitchens and is now ordinary workplace English.

大量湧現

抽來吸的植物(非正式)

還是「一種草」,但這裡是用雜草那種不正式、不客氣的口氣去指人們拿來抽的植物。

weed (tobacco, old slang) · noun · C2

An old informal name for cigarettes or tobacco.

菸草(舊稱)

A second word, same spelling

2

weed

n

核心畫面

Clothing — originally any garment at all; today it survives only as the black mourning dress a widow wore.

一身衣服——而且是舊時代那種從頭罩到腳的黑色喪服。這個 weed 跟花園裡的雜草只是拼法撞在一起,來源完全不同:它的更多收起一身衣服——而且是舊時代那種從頭罩到腳的黑色喪服。這個 weed 跟花園裡的雜草只是拼法撞在一起,來源完全不同:它的祖先是古英語 wǣd「衣著、服裝」,本來泛指任何穿在身上的東西。到了現代,這個字只剩下一個角落還活著:寡婦的黑衣。

From the word’s history

From Middle English wede, Old English wǣd "dress, attire, garment", from Proto-Germanic *wēdiz (cf. Dutch gewaad, German Wat) — unrelated to weed "wild plant" (Old English wēod).

這個 weed 來自中古英語 wede、古英語 wǣd「衣著、服裝、衣物」,再往上到原始日耳曼語 *wēdiz(同源的還有荷蘭語 gewaad、德語 Wat,都是「衣物」)。它跟「雜草」那個 weed(古英語 wēod)沒有任何親屬關係,兩者只是各自演變後拼法碰在一起。原本能指任何衣服的字,如今縮到只在 widow's weeds 這個說法裡留下最後一口氣。

Wiktionary, entry "weed" (noun, from Old English wǣd "dress, attire, clothing")

原始詞典資料21 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Weedname

  • 1

    A city in Siskiyou County, California, United States.

weednoun詞源 1/wiːd/

  • 1

    Any plant unwanted at the place where and at the time when it is growing.

    • If it isn't in a straight line or marked with a label, it's a weed.
    • The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.
  • 2

    archaicobsoleteUnderbrush; low shrubs.

    • one rushing forth out of the thickest weed
    • A wild and wanton pard[…]/ Crouched fawning in the weed.
  • 3

    informalA drug or the like made from the leaves or flowers of a plant.

    • Hold up, hey / For my niggas who be actin' too bold, take a seat / Hope you ready for the next episode / Hey, hey, hey, hey / Smoke weed every day
    • And I predict you will laugh harder than ever. I’m not saying I’m any funnier. I’m saying weed is now legal in D.C.
  • 4

    A drug or the like made from the leaves or flowers of a plant.

  • 5

    obsoleteA drug or the like made from the leaves or flowers of a plant.

    • "If ever you smoke, my dear aunt (and I am told that many women take a quiet weed under the rose), be very careful how you choose your cigars."
  • 6

    A weak horse, which is therefore unfit to breed from.

  • 7

    informalA puny person; one who has little physical strength.

  • 8

    Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless.

weedverb詞源 2/wiːd/

  • 1

    To remove unwanted vegetation from a cultivated area (especially grass).

    • I weeded my flower bed.
    • If these plants are young, the weeders do not see them; and in this case, when they grow larger, the land must be again weeded. But the small plants, which are not less prejudicial, such as the wild Fitch, the wild Oat, Darnel, Fennel-flower, Knot-grass, Restharrow, Fox-tail, the several sorts of Bindweed, (Convolvulus) and all the small Poppies, remain in the field.
  • 2

    To pilfer the best items from a collection.

    • She now regretted much having had the case taken to the duke's, for surely it might have been weeded to very good purpose, and no one the wiser.
  • 3

    To systematically remove materials from a library collection based on a set of criteria.

    • We usually weed romance novels that haven't circulated in over a year.
    • Librarians overwhelmingly believe that weeding increases use of books and patron satisfaction.

weednoun詞源 3/wiːd/

  • 1

    archaicA garment or piece of clothing.

    • Lie here ye weedes that I diſdaine to weare, This compleat armor, and this curtle-axe Are adiuncts more beſeeming Tamburlaine.
    • Prince [Don Pedro] Come let vs hence, and put on other weedes, / And then to Leonatoes we will goe. / Claudio And Hymen now with luckier iſſue ſpeeds, / Then this for whom we rendred vp this woe. Than this for whom we rend'red up this woe!
  • 2

    archaicClothing collectively; clothes, dress.

    • His mother o'er her barm-cloth wide / Gazed forward somewhat timidly / The new-comer's bright weed to see.
  • 3

    archaicAn article of dress worn in token of grief; a mourning garment or badge.

    • He wore a weed on his hat.
  • 4

    archaicA hatband.

    • […] he was beat and retreated back to his old encampment with his weed on his hat dragging on the ground, with the loss of more than nineteen hundred men; […]
  • 5

    archaicEspecially in the plural as widow's weeds: (female) mourning apparel.

    • O Sir, if we could but see the shape of our deare Mother England, as poets are wont to give a personal form to what they please, how would she appeare, think ye, but in a mourning weed, with ashes upon her head, and tears abundantly flowing from her eyes, to behold so many of her children expos'd at once, and thrust from things of dearest necessity, because their conscience could not assent to things which the Bishops thought indifferent.
    • Poor Girl! put on thy stifling widow’s weed, / And ’scape at once from Hope’s accursed bands; […]

weednoun詞源 4/wiːd/

  • 1

    A sudden illness or relapse, often attended with fever, which befalls those who are about to give birth, are giving birth, or have recently given birth or miscarried or aborted.

    • The patient […] aborted between the second and third month; […] felt herself so well on the second day after, that she went to the washing-green; and, on her return home in the evening, was seized with a violent rigor, which, by herself and those around her, was considered as the forerunner of a weed.
  • 2

    Lymphangitis in a horse.

這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。