拿不出真憑實據
這一家直接就是核心：擺出來的東西看似有根據，一追問就空了。差別只在追問的是證據，還是感情。
adjective · C1
Used about a statement, argument, claim or reason that is not built on real facts or careful thinking, so it is very likely to be wrong even when it sounds convincing.
似是而非的
核心畫面
A useful picture for this word: something turns up looking as if it belongs, and then cannot show where it came from. An argument arrives sounding well supported, and the support is not there. A smile arrives looking like sympathy, and no feeling is behind it. A line arrives on a scan looking like part of the body, and the machine made it. Each time the surface is convincing and the origin does not check out.
可以想成：一樣東西出現的時候看起來很像「本來就該在這裡」，可是一問它從哪裡來，就交代不出來。一個論點聽起來很有根據，…更多收起
可以想成：一樣東西出現的時候看起來很像「本來就該在這裡」，可是一問它從哪裡來，就交代不出來。一個論點聽起來很有根據，實際上沒有根據。一個笑容看起來像同情，背後沒有那份感情。一條線出現在掃描影像上，其實是機器自己畫出來的。每一次都是：表面說得過去，來源說不過去。From the word’s history
Wiktionary gives the word as a borrowing of Late Latin spurius, meaning illegitimate. That old sense is about a child who could not point to a recognised father, which is the same shape as the modern uses: the thing is present, but its origin will not stand up.
字典記載 spurious 借自晚期拉丁文 spurius，原意是「私生的」。那個舊意思講的是一個孩子指不出被承認的來歷。今天的用法還是同一個形狀：東西就在那裡，來源卻站不住。這條線索可以當記憶的掛鉤，不必當成每個現代用法的直接歷史來源。
Wiktionary entry for spurious, supplied in this batch's evidence packet: Borrowed from Late Latin spurius (illegitimate, bastardly).
Two branches
不該出現在這裡的東西
同樣是「來源不對」，但這裡不牽涉誰在騙人，只是有東西從別的地方意外跑進來。
adjective · C1
Used about a signal, mark, result or thought that turns up where it does not belong and was not wanted, usually because something else produced it by accident.
雜散多餘的