喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to picture it: to hand something over — to give it out to whoever it is owed to, or to put it out where it can be received.

「交出去」：手上有東西——服務、判決、幫助——把它遞到該收的人手上。這個交付通常不是隨興的，而是帶著一點「本來就該給…更多收起「交出去」：手上有東西——服務、判決、幫助——把它遞到該收的人手上。這個交付通常不是隨興的，而是帶著一點「本來就該給」的味道：你欠的、你答應的、你職責上要出的，現在交出來了。從這個「交出」再往外長，就變成「把某個東西弄成看得見、拿得到的樣子」——畫出來、翻出來、抹上去、熬出來，都是把原本沒現形的東西交付到外面。

From the word’s history

Latin reddere "to give back" (re- "back" + dare "to give") entered Old French as rendre, "to give back, hand over" — the giving-over picture is still visible in "render a service", "render a verdict".

拉丁文 reddere 是「還回去、交還」(re- 回 + dare 給)，經古法文 rendre 進入英文。所以 render 骨子裡就是「把東西交出去」——render a service（提供服務）、render a verdict（作出判決）都還看得見這個還／交的動作。

Wiktionary: render — from Old French rendre, from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere ("give back")

Three branches

交出、給予

最貼近核心的一支：直接就是把該給的東西交出去。

render, provide a service · verb · C1

To give help, a service, or a decision because it is your duty or because someone expects you to.

給予

把內容變成看得見的形式

從「交出東西」延伸到「把心裡、原文裡、資料裡的東西交付成一個外面看得到的樣子」——交出的不是實物，是形式。

render, depict in art · verb · C1

To show, make, or present something in a certain form or style, for example in art, on film, or in writing.

呈現

塗抹與熬出：手工的交付

這一支是很實體的動作，跟核心的「交出」只剩下遠遠的親戚關係：東西從一處被弄出來、鋪到另一處。學的時候把它們當獨立的技術用法記，比硬繞回核心畫面實在。

render, plaster a wall · verb · C1

To spread a layer of plaster or cement over the surface of a wall.

抹灰

原始詞典資料25 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Rendername

  • 1

    A surname.

renderverb詞源 1/ˈɹɛn.də/

  • 1

    To cause to become.

    • The shot rendered her immobile.
    • […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.
  • 2

    To interpret, give an interpretation or rendition of.

    • The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully.
    • we may, at last, render our philosophy like that of Epictetus
  • 3

    To translate into another language.

    • to render Latin into English
  • 4

    To pass down.

    • render a verdict (i.e., deliver a judgment)
  • 5

    To make over as a return.

    • They had to render the estate.
  • 6

    To give; to give back; to deliver.

    • render aid; render money
    • to render an account of what really happened
  • 7

    datedTo give up; to yield; to surrender.

    • I'll make her render up her page to me.
  • 8

    computer-graphicscomputingengineeringTo transform (a model) into a display on the screen or other media.

    • rendering images
    • They will feature full-motion-video backgrounds that will behave as if rendered in 3-D—the Rabbids will duck behind and jump over real objects as if they were designed into the stage.
另外 9 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    artartsTo apply realistic coloring and shading.

  • 10

    To capture and turn over to another country secretly and extrajudicially.

  • 11

    To convert waste animal tissue into a usable byproduct.

    • rendering of fat into soap
  • 12

    cookingfoodlifestyleTo have fat melt off meat from cooking.

    • Bacon is very fatty when raw; however, most of the fat will render during cooking.
  • 13

    businessconstructionmanufacturingTo cover a wall with a layer of plaster.

    • to render with stucco
  • 14

    nauticaltransportTo pass; to run; said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.

    • A rope renders well, that is, passes freely.
  • 15

    nauticaltransportTo yield or give way.

    • The rope of a laniard or tackle is said to render when, by pulling upon one part, each other part takes its share of the strain.
  • 16

    obsoleteTo return; to pay back; to restore.

    • whose smallest minute lost, no riches render may
  • 17

    obsoleteTo inflict, as a retribution; to requite.

    • I will render vengeance to mine enemies.

rendernoun詞源 1/ˈɹɛn.də/

  • 1

    Stucco or plaster applied to exterior walls.

  • 2

    Stucco or plaster applied to interior walls.

  • 3

    computer-graphicscomputingengineeringA digital image produced by rendering a model.

    • A low-resolution render might look blocky.
  • 4

    obsoleteA surrender.

  • 5

    obsoleteA return; a payment of rent.

    • In those early times the king's household was supported by specific renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demesnes.
  • 6

    obsoleteAn account given; a statement.

    • And send forth us , to make their sorrow'd render, Together with a recompense more fruitful Than their offence can weigh down by the dram

rendernoun詞源 2/ˈɹɛn.də/

  • 1

    One who rends.

    • Oh, this render of hearts, this murderer of love, this perpetual crucifier of Christ, […]

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。