- 1扣住不給、隱瞞（該給而故意不給，如資訊、款項、同意）；（薪資）預扣
To keep something back that you could give, and that the other person may be expecting or to. The key idea is a choice: you HAVE it, you could hand it over, and you decide not to. That is what makes it different from simply not giving — a witness who withholds information has the information. Common things people withhold: information, evidence, a name, permission, consent, approval, payment, food, medical treatment, and (in tax) money taken out of your pay before you ever see it. It can also be used about feelings — to withhold affection means to deliberately stop being warm to someone, often to punish them. The word carries some weight. In news and legal writing it often hints at : "the company withheld the test results". But it can be perfectly proper too — a paper may withhold a victim's name to protect them, and a doctor may withhold treatment because the patient asked. Register: formal. In everyday talk people say "he didn't tell us" or "they're holding back the money". The past form is withheld, not "withholded": "She withheld her number."
From the word’s history
From Middle English withholden; with + hold.
源自中古英文 withholden，由 with 加 hold 組成。
組成with- + hold. Here with- is an old prefix meaning "back" or "against", not the everyday word with. So withhold is literally "to hold back".
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
withholdverb/wɪθˈhəʊld/
- 1
To keep (a physical object that one has obtained) to oneself rather than giving it back to its owner.
- The bank withheld her credit card.
- Us if he ſhall hear novv, hovv much leſs vvill he hear vvhen vve cry hereafter, vvho once deliver'd by him from a King, and not vvithout vvondrous Acts of his Providence, inſenſible and unvvorthy of thoſe high Mercies, are returning precipitantly, if he vvithold us not, back to the Captivity from vvhence he freed us.
- 2
To keep (information, assent, etc.) to oneself rather than revealing it.
- withhold vital information
- a withheld phone number
- 3
To stay back, to refrain.
- I’ll withhold from asking about it.
- Do you wish to proceed with those down the line in that order? […] We’ll withhold for now.
withholdnoun/wɪθˈhəʊld/
- 1
ScientologylifestylereligionAn immoral action or condition (an overt) that has not been disclosed to others; the consciousness of such an action or condition.
- I was afraid to go into review for the help I needed because of the withholds I had against the organization, withholds acquired at the franchise: our late evening discussions, our kidding around at the expense of other Scientologists.
- Dianetics is concerned with purifying the individual of negative emotions, evil spirits, overts, and withholds.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。