核心畫面
You can picture punish as this scene: someone has done something wrong, and someone else with the power to act deliberately takes something away from them — freedom, money, a privilege, comfort. The unpleasant part is not an accident and not bad luck; it is chosen, and it is to the wrong act on purpose. That line between 'you did that' and 'so this now happens to you' is what the whole word is carrying.
可以想成 punish 的畫面是：有人做錯了事，於是另一個握有權力的人刻意讓他失去某樣他不想失去的東西——自由、錢、…更多收起
可以想成 punish 的畫面是：有人做錯了事，於是另一個握有權力的人刻意讓他失去某樣他不想失去的東西——自由、錢、某個特權、某種舒服。這個不舒服不是意外，也不是倒楣，而是被特意接在那件錯事後面的。「因為你做了那件事，所以現在這件事落到你身上」——這條刻意拉起來的線，就是 punish 整個字在扛的東西。原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
punishverb/ˈpʌnɪʃ/
- 1
To cause (a child, student, or someone else being looked after, or a suspect or criminal) to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent, teacher, or police officer).
- If a prince violates the law, then he must be punished like an ordinary person.
- It was not from the want of proper laws that dangerous principles had been disseminated, and had assumed a threatening aspect, but because those laws had not been employed by the executive power to remedy the evil, and to punish the offenders.
- 2
To treat harshly and unfairly.
- But each effort that Anna makes —and she has attempted many— meets with obstacles from a welfare bureaucracy that punishes single mothers for initiative and partial economic self-sufficiency.
- Homer, moreover, gives the impression that the Sun punished Odysseus's men; but we are later told that the Sun cannot punish individual men […]
- 3
To handle or beat severely; to maul.
- 4
To consume a large quantity of.
- A few moments later, we were all sitting around the veranda of the hunters' dining hall, punishing the gin, as usual.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。