因為規則而被扣掉、被放到吃虧的位置
兩個用法是同一個動作，差別只在場地：一個發生在制度和生活裡，一個發生在球場上、由裁判當場執行。
punish, disadvantage · verb · B2
to punish someone, or to treat them in a way that puts them at a disadvantage, often because of a rule or a choice they made.
處罰；使不利
核心畫面
A rule has been broken, and now something is taken away from you because of it — points, money, time, or an advantage you would otherwise have had.
penalize 的核心畫面可以想成「有一條規則在那裡，你踩到了，於是有東西被扣掉」——可能是分數、錢、時間，或是你…更多收起
penalize 的核心畫面可以想成「有一條規則在那裡，你踩到了，於是有東西被扣掉」——可能是分數、錢、時間，或是你本來會有的優勢。這個字的重點在「因為某個規則或某個選擇，你被放到比較吃虧的位置」，動作是由有權執行規則的一方做出來的。One branch
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
penalizeverb/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
- 1
To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation.
- Women should not be penalized or forced out of the workplace simply because they become pregnant. UPS, in fact, has come around to that position. It now offers light-duty accommodations to pregnant women who need them.
- Ready for another term? Try vindictive protectiveness. In essence, in the name of emotional wellbeing, students can eliminate anything they do not want to think about, read about, or be challenged about. And penalize those who would expose them to it. How? In the name of "offense".
- 2
hobbieslifestylesportsTo impose a handicap on.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。