- 1累人的、嚴苛的（行程、訓練、天氣等折磨人的程度）
As an adjective, punishing means very hard, , or extreme — a punishing schedule, punishing heat, a punishing climb, a punishing defeat. Nobody is in a courtroom here. The word borrows the feeling of being hit hard, then applies it to work, weather, sport, or a result that leaves you drained. News writers and sports commentators like it; it is a bit stronger and more colourful than 'very hard'. Though actually, it is the same spelling as the -ing form of the verb punish (The teacher is punishing the class), so you have to feel the job of the word in the sentence. Before a noun, it is almost always this 'brutal, exhausting' sense: a punishing routine. After is/are, it can go either way, so the rest of the sentence has to help. It does not mean 'that can be punished'; that is .
From the word’s history
punish + -ing; punish is from Middle English punischen, from Old French punir, from Latin puniō 'to inflict punishment upon'.
就是 punish 加 -ing；punish 經古法文來自拉丁文 puniō。
組成The -ing form of punish, used as an adjective with the transferred sense 'so hard it feels like a punishment'.
同家族的字
- punishthe verb this form comes from
- punishmentthe noun for a penalty; punishing as an adjective keeps the 'harsh' feeling without the legal meaning
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
punishingadj/ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/
- 1
That punishes physically and/or mentally; arduous, gruelling, demanding.
- Upon Amelia's return from the West Coast in October, George presented her with a punishing schedule of lectures and appointments to promote the new book and solidify her position as America's foremost woman aviator.
- Regardless of the punishing heat and physicality, restaurant cooking is a calling many Chinese chefs cannot deny.
- 2
Debilitating, harsh.
- 1999, Edward Gonzalez, Richard Nuccio, Rand Corporation. National Security Research Division, The Rand Forum on Cuba, Rand Corp Others argued that the worst of all outcomes after 40 years of a punishing embargo would be for the United States to adopt policies that might extend the life of a dictatorial regime.
- Public debt of this magnitude can provoke punishing tax rates and crowd out private investment.
punishingnoun/ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/
- 1
Punishment.
- We may not be convinced that God is as involved in historical punishings as the prophet claims, and we may have a strong negative reaction to the claims made for how God acts[…]
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。