喜樂美語

核心畫面

Picture something being thrown forward, away from where it sits. A rock throws its shape out from the cliff face; a lamp throws a picture forward onto a screen; a throws this year's numbers forward into next year; a person throws their own feelings forward onto someone else. Once you hear 'thrown forward' inside the word, six meanings that look unrelated turn out to be one action aimed at different targets.

可以想成：某樣東西被「往前丟出去」，離開它原本待的位置。岩石把自己的形狀丟出崖面；燈把畫面丟到螢幕上；試算表把今年的…更多收起可以想成：某樣東西被「往前丟出去」，離開它原本待的位置。岩石把自己的形狀丟出崖面；燈把畫面丟到螢幕上；試算表把今年的數字丟進明年；一個人把自己的情緒丟到別人身上。一旦在這個字裡聽見「往前丟」，六個看起來毫不相干的意思，其實是同一個動作對準了不同的目標。

From the word’s history

From Latin proiectionem, from proicere 'stretch out, throw forth' (pro- 'forward' + iacere 'to throw'). The map-making sense is the oldest in English (1560s), followed by the general act of projecting (1590s), the thing that juts out (1756), casting an image on a screen (1865), and the psychological sense (1895).

來自拉丁文 proiectionem，源頭是 proicere「伸出去、向前拋」，由 pro-「向前」加 iacere「丟」組成。各個意思進入英文的順序也看得出這條線：地圖投影最早（1560 年代），接著是「投射這個動作」本身（1590 年代）、「凸出來的東西」（1756）、「把影像打到螢幕上」（1865），最後是心理學的投射（1895）。所以「往前丟」不是為了好記編出來的比喻，而是這個字真正的骨架。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entries 'projection' and 'project'

From the picture

把影像丟到另一個平面上

被丟出去的不是實體而是畫面：光把影像帶到螢幕上，或把立體的地球攤到平面的紙上——兩件事做的是同一個動作。

film projection · noun · B1

the act of showing a film or picture on a screen by sending light through it or from a machine

放映／投影

把數字丟進未來

這次丟的方向是時間：拿手上現有的數字往前推，看它落在明年、十年後的哪個位置。

projection (forecast) · noun · B1

a careful guess, based on numbers you have now, about what something will be like in the future

預測／推估

把自己的感覺丟到別人身上

丟出去的是自己內心的東西，落點是另一個人或另一件事——結果你看到的其實是自己，卻以為是對方。

projection (imagining shared feelings) · noun · C1

the act of imagining that another person feels the same feelings you feel

投射

Also in this word

projection (sticking out) · noun · B2

something that sticks out from a surface, like a rock or a piece of a wall

突出物

原始詞典資料15 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

projectionnoun/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/

  • 1

    Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out.

    • The face of the cliff had many projections that were big enough for birds to nest on.
    • Originally the opening had doubtless marked the projection of another road, but the scheme had come to nothing.
  • 2

    The action of projecting or throwing or propelling something.

  • 3

    archaicThe crisis or decisive point of any process, especially a culinary process.

  • 4

    The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.

  • 5

    A forecast or prognosis obtained by extrapolation.

    • Some projections have estimated that Shah’s party is on track to secure around 184 seats in the 275-member House of Representatives.
  • 6

    human-sciencespsychologysciencesA belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own, including making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.

    • Projection is another mechanism of defense and is one that is utilized almost universally to explain one's minor mistakes, and in many cases the minor failures as well. By projection we place the blame for our acts upon others....
    • The morality of patriarchy, Mary Daly argues, is charactrized by "a failure to lay claim to that part of the psyche that is then projected onto 'the Other.'"
  • 7

    artshobbieslifestyleThe image that a translucent object casts onto another object.

  • 8

    cartographygeographynatural-sciencesAny of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.

另外 7 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    geometrymathematicssciencesAn image of an object on a surface of fewer dimensions.

  • 10

    linear-algebramathematicssciencesAn idempotent linear transformation which maps vectors from a vector space onto a subspace.

  • 11

    mathematicssciencesA transformation which extracts a fragment of a mathematical object.

  • 12

    category-theorycomputingengineeringA morphism from a categorical product to one of its (two) components.

  • 13

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsThe preservation of the properties of lexical items while generating the phrase structure of a sentence. See Projection principle.

  • 14

    obsoletealchemypseudoscienceA supposed mechanism for the transmutation of large quantities of base metals.

    • I speak not here of Projection, whereby one part of an Aurifick Powder is said to turn I know not how many 100 or 1000 parts of an ignobler metal into silver or gold […]
    • But yet I would that every one should understand me aright, and not count me so simple, as if I did liken or compare my Aurum Potabile with that great Stone of the Philosophers, which transmutes vast quantities of imperfect metals into most pure Gold by projection […]
  • 15

    The distance the scent of a perfume radiates off the skin.

    • SKIN SCENT¶ A fragrance with low projection. One which stays close to the skin because the materials used to make it are less volatile.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。