處境下的命令:非做不可
沒有人開口,但情勢本身把事情變成命令。這一組是這個字在日常英文裡的主場:從「這件事非做不可」(形容詞),到「這件非做不可的事」(名詞),再到「那股推著人非這樣做不可的力量」。
urgent · adjective · B2
So important that it must be dealt with at once.
極重要的;勢在必行的
Picture an order that has already been given, with no space left after it to say `maybe later`. That shape is what runs through this word: something is put to you as a command, not as a choice. Sometimes the order comes from a person (`Stand up!` — grammar's imperative), sometimes it comes from the situation itself (a leaking roof before a typhoon). English uses the same word for both, because from where you stand they feel identical: there is no version of the next hour in which you do not deal with it.
Two branches
處境下的命令:非做不可
沒有人開口,但情勢本身把事情變成命令。這一組是這個字在日常英文裡的主場:從「這件事非做不可」(形容詞),到「這件非做不可的事」(名詞),再到「那股推著人非這樣做不可的力量」。
urgent · adjective · B2
So important that it must be dealt with at once.
極重要的;勢在必行的
文法裡的命令:祈使句
這一組是同一個畫面被文法學家拿去當專有名詞。命令這件事在英文裡有固定的長相——動詞用原形、主詞不出現(Come here.、Don't touch that.)——文法就用這個字替那個長相命名。
command verb form · noun · B2
The form of a verb that is used for giving orders.
祈使語氣;命令式
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
imperativeadj/ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/
Essential; crucial; extremely important.
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsOf, or relating to the imperative mood.
computingcomputing-theoryengineeringHaving semantics that incorporates mutable variables.
Expressing a command; authoritatively or absolutely directive.
imperativenoun/ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsThe grammatical mood expressing an order (see jussive). In English, the imperative form of a verb is the same as that of the bare infinitive.
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsA verb in the imperative mood.
An essential action, a must: something which is imperative.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。