核心畫面

You can think of essential as pointing at the very being of a thing — the part without which it would no longer be that thing. Picture peeling away everything you could remove from an object: what stays at the centre, the part that makes it itself, is its essence; that core part is 'essential'. From that one idea grow both 'it's the basic nature of the thing' and 'you truly can't do without it'.

可以想成它指向一個東西「之所以是它」的那部分——把可有可無的外層一層層剝掉,最後剩下、不能再拿掉的核心,就是它的本質更多收起可以想成它指向一個東西「之所以是它」的那部分——把可有可無的外層一層層剝掉,最後剩下、不能再拿掉的核心,就是它的本質(essence)。這個畫面同時長出兩個方向:一個是「這是它最根本的性質」,另一個是「少了它就不行、非有不可」。

Two branches

本質 / 最根本的那部分

這一支最貼近 essence 的原意:指一個東西最中心、最關鍵的那部分或那個想法。

core, central part · adjective · B1

Being the most basic and central part of something — its main idea or quality.

最根本的 / 本質的

不可缺少 / 必需

若某物是一件事的本質部分,少了它這件事就不成立——於是「本質」很自然滑向「非有不可、不能沒有」。

necessary · adjective · B1

So important and necessary that you cannot do something or manage without it.

必要的 / 不可缺少的

原始詞典資料10 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

essentialadj/ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/

  • 1

    Necessary.

    • There’s canker at the root, your seed Denies the blessing of the sun, The light essential to your need. Your hopes are murdered and undone.
    • Thus, research-based resources with the potential to assist teachers prepare secondary students for tertiary education are essential.
  • 2

    Very important; of high importance.

    • In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. The welfare state is dismantled. Essential public services are cut so that the rich may pay less tax. […]
  • 3

    biologynatural-sciencesNecessary for survival but not synthesized by the organism, thus needing to be ingested.

  • 4

    Being in the basic form; showing its essence.

    • Don’t mind him being grumpy. That’s the essential Fred.
  • 5

    Really existing; existent.

    • Or is it true, that thou art but a bare name, / And no eſſential thing?
  • 6

    geometrymathematicssciencesSuch that each complementary region is irreducible, the boundary of each complementary region is incompressible by disks and monogons in the complementary region, and no leaf is a sphere or a torus bounding a solid torus in the manifold.

  • 7

    medicinesciencesIdiopathic.

    • essential blepharospasm
  • 8

    Having the nature of essence; not physical.

    • It is usually allowed that there is the natural body, as St. Paul called it, which is dissolved at death, and the etheric or spiritual body which survives and functions upon an etheric plane. Those are the essential things. But we may really have as many coats as an onion and there may be a mental body which may shed itself at any spot where great mental or emotional strain has been experienced.

essentialnoun/ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/

  • 1

    A necessary ingredient.

  • 2

    A fundamental ingredient.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。