平靜被打斷
這一支就是核心畫面最日常的尺度：規模小、通常沒有惡意，被攪亂的是一個人的專注或休息。
an interruption · noun · C1
Something that stops you while you are working, resting, or trying to keep going, or the act of making that stop happen.
干擾
核心畫面
Think of something that was running smoothly and quietly — and then something breaks into it. The calm surface is stirred up; whatever was going on can no longer go on in the same way.
本來有個東西在安穩地運轉——一池靜水、一段工作、一個睡著的夜晚——然後有什麼闖進來，把它攪動了。disturb 是「…更多收起
本來有個東西在安穩地運轉——一池靜水、一段工作、一個睡著的夜晚——然後有什麼闖進來，把它攪動了。disturb 是「攪擾、打斷」，字尾 -ance 把這個動作變成一個「事件」或「狀態」，所以 disturbance 講的就是那個被攪亂的當下：平靜被打破了，原本進行中的事沒辦法照原樣繼續下去。這個字幾乎總帶著「本來是安穩的」這個前提——沒有那份安穩，就談不上被攪擾。From the word’s history
From Latin disturbō 'to throw into disorder', built on turba 'a crowd, a commotion' — the original picture is a milling, noisy crowd stirred up; -ance turns the verb into the event itself.
這個字經由古法文 destourbance 回到拉丁文的 disturbō（使陷入混亂）。有意思的是 disturbō 底下藏著 turba，意思是「一群騷動的人、一陣騷亂」——最早的畫面比較像一群人被攪得亂哄哄。這說明了為什麼今天最戲劇化的那個意思（街頭騷亂）反而離字源最近，而「安靜被打斷」則是這股騷動變小、變日常之後的樣子。
Wiktionary: disturbance < Old French destourbance < Latin disturbō (dis- + turba 'crowd, commotion')
Two branches
心智運作被攪亂
一樣是「安穩的運轉被攪亂」，只是場景從外部搬進了內部，而且時間拉長：不是被打斷一下，而是長期處在被攪亂的狀態裡。
mental disturbance · noun · C1
A medical condition in which a person's mind is unwell, and they do not think or act in the usual way.
精神障礙
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
disturbancenoun/dɪˈstɜː.bəns/
- 1
The act of disturbing, being disturbed.
- 2
Something that disturbs.
- That guy causes a lot of trouble, you know, he’s such a disturbance.
- 3
A noisy commotion that causes a hubbub or interruption.
- 4
An interruption of that which is normal or regular.
- Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
- Blue No. 1 and yellow No. 6 may also be toxic to some human cells. And as little as 1 milligram of yellow dye No. 5 may cause irritability, restlessness and sleep disturbances for sensitive children.
- 5
human-sciencespsychologysciencesA serious mental imbalance or illness.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。