喜樂美語

核心畫面

Picture a set of things that were arranged properly, and then something sweeping that arrangement apart. Order is everything sitting where it belongs; dis- takes the arrangement away. So the picture inside disorder is less 'messy by nature' than 'the order got broken' — and the same broken-arrangement idea works for a room, for a crowd in the street, and for a body.

可以想成本來排得好好的東西被一把掃亂：order 是每樣東西都在自己的位置上，dis- 把那個安排拆掉。所以 dis…更多收起可以想成本來排得好好的東西被一把掃亂：order 是每樣東西都在自己的位置上，dis- 把那個安排拆掉。所以 disorder 的畫面比較像「原本有秩序，現在秩序被打散了」——不是天生就亂，而是亂掉了。同一個畫面可以放在一個房間、一條街上的人群，也可以放在一個人的身體裡。

From the word’s history

The verb disorder (late 15c.) means 'destroy or derange the order of, throw into confusion', from dis- 'not' + order (v.). The noun follows: 'lack of regular arrangement' (1520s), then 'tumult, disturbance of the peace' (1530s), then 'an ailment, a disturbance of the body or mind' by 1704. The three modern senses are that one broken arrangement moving house.

這個字的歷史剛好照著「亂 → 動亂 → 疾病」走：動詞 disorder（15 世紀晚期）是「把原有的秩序弄壞、弄成一團混亂」，由 dis-（不）加 order 組成。名詞 1520 年代先指「沒有規則的排列」，1530 年代出現「騷亂、擾亂治安」，到 1704 年才有「身體或心智的失調、病症」。三個意思不是各自長出來的，是同一個「秩序被打散」一路搬家。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entry 'disorder'

Two branches

場面亂了套

這一組就是核心畫面本身，以及把它從「東西」放大到「一群人」。

disarray · noun · C1

A state in which things or people are not arranged or organized properly.

混亂；雜亂

身心運作的失序

同一個「秩序被打散」搬進身體或心裡：某個部分沒有照原本該有的方式運作。這一層在英文裡最常用，但在字義的順序上是最晚長出來的。

medical disorder · noun · C1

An illness that stops part of your body or mind from working properly.

失調；疾病

原始詞典資料5 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

disordernoun/dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/

  • 1

    Absence of order; state of not being arranged in an orderly manner.

    • After playing the children left the room in disorder.
    • It was a household in permanent and benevolent disorder, pervaded by the gentle thrill of religious persecution.
  • 2

    A disturbance of civic peace or of public order.

    • The class was thrown into disorder when the teacher left the room
    • The army tried to prevent disorder when claims the elections had been rigged grew stronger.
  • 3

    medicinesciencesA physical or mental malfunction.

    • Near-synonyms: disease, illness (both often synonymous)
    • Bulimia is an eating disorder.

disorderverb/dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/

  • 1

    To throw into a state of disorder.

  • 2

    To knock out of order or sequence.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。