失控的群眾
核心畫面最字面的樣子：真實的一群人，真的失控了。
riot, violent unrest · noun · C1
A situation in which a large crowd of people become violent and out of control, especially while they are protesting about something.
暴動
核心畫面
A crowd that has slipped out of anyone's hands — too many, too loud, all going at once, and nothing holding them in. What's missing from the picture is the control.
一群人已經沒有人管得動了。人太多、聲音太大、每個人同時在動，而原本應該框住他們的東西——警察、規矩、秩序——已經失效…更多收起
一群人已經沒有人管得動了。人太多、聲音太大、每個人同時在動，而原本應該框住他們的東西——警察、規矩、秩序——已經失效了。這個字最關鍵的地方在於「本來有界線，現在界線破了」：不是天生的混亂，是脫韁。抓住這一點，後面講想像力失控、植物瘋長、甚至滿眼繽紛的顏色，就都說得通了——都是某樣東西衝出了它該待的框。From the word’s history
From Old French riote 'dispute, quarrel', and earlier senses in Middle English of 'wild, unrestrained living' — the idea of unchecked excess came before the idea of a violent crowd.
來自古法文 riote「爭吵、爭執」，而它進到中古英文時最早的意思是「放縱、毫無節制的生活」。也就是說，「沒有節制」這個核心比「暴民」更早——先有「放開了、收不住」的感覺，後來才專門指街頭那種失控的群眾。這解釋了為什麼今天 run riot 可以用在想像力和植物上，那其實是更古老的一層意思還活著。
Wiktionary (English 'riot', from Middle English riot 'debauched living, dissipation' < Old French riote 'debate, quarrel')
Three branches
run riot：衝出框的東西
仍然是核心的「脫韁」，只是掙脫的主角從人群換成了任何東西；這幾個意思都只在 run riot 這個搭配裡出現。
run riot (behave wildly) · noun · C1
If people run riot, they behave in a violent and noisy way, and no one is controlling them.
胡鬧
滿到溢出來的顏色
從失控借來的是「多到收不住」這個感覺，但脾氣完全變了：這裡的失控是好看的、令人愉快的。
a riot of colour · noun · C1
A place or thing that is full of many different bright colours.
繽紛
原始詞典資料9 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
riotnoun/ˈɹaɪ.ət/
- 1
A tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by a large group of people, often involving violence or damage to property.
- The protests began peacefully but turned into riots after several days.
- 2
A wide and unconstrained variety.
- In summer this flower garden is a riot of colour.
- The human world is contracting not only prospectively but to the backward-probing eye of culture-history. Nevertheless we are as yet far from able to reduce the riot of spoken languages to a small number of “stocks.”
- 3
A humorous or entertaining event or person.
- Check this out! We have to get this! I can't believe all this stuff! This is a total riot!
- They call me "quiet girl", but I'm a riot
- 4
Wanton or unrestrained behavior or emotion.
- For when his head-ſtrong Riot hath no Curbe,
- 5
obsoleteExcessive and expensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry.
- the lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day
riotverb/ˈɹaɪ.ət/
- 1
To create or take part in a riot; to raise an uproar or sedition.
- The nuclear protesters rioted outside the military base.
- 2
obsoleteTo act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of feasting, luxury, etc.
- Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, / Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law.
- Think of the insults, wrongs, and contumelies, / Ye bear from your proud lords—that your hard toil / Manures their fertile fields—you plow the earth, / You sow the corn, you reap the ripen'd harvest,— / They riot on the produce!— […]
- 3
To cause to riot; to throw into a tumult.
- 4
To annoy.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。