核心畫面

The devil is standing inside this word, and everything the word does is measured from him. At the centre, something simply belongs to him — a name, a figure in a painting, a power people feared. One step out, a person or a plan is not his but is as cruel as he is. One more step, in British speech, only the size of the word survives: the weather was diabolical means it was dreadful, and nobody is thinking about the devil at all.

可以想成這個字裡面站著一個魔鬼,它的每一種用法都是從他量出來的。最中間的那一層,東西真的屬於他:一個名字、一幅畫裡的更多收起可以想成這個字裡面站著一個魔鬼,它的每一種用法都是從他量出來的。最中間的那一層,東西真的屬於他:一個名字、一幅畫裡的身影、一種令人害怕的力量。往外一步,人或計畫不是他的,但壞得跟他一樣——這時候你是在下判斷,不是在講來源。再往外一步,在英式口語裡只剩下這個字的「大」:the weather was diabolical 只是說天氣爛透了,沒有人在想魔鬼。看一個句子屬於哪一層,最快的方法是問:這句在講來源、在譴責、還是在抱怨品質。

From the word’s history

The word is diabolic plus the ending -al, and diabolic goes back to the devil himself. That is why the devil sense sits at the centre of the map even though it is no longer the commonest one.

這個字是 diabolic 加上字尾 -al,而 diabolic 一路回到「魔鬼」。所以即使今天「魔鬼的」已經不是最常見的用法,它仍然是這張圖的中心。

Wiktionary entry 'diabolical': 'From diabolic + -al.' (packet source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:777127362)

Two branches

魔鬼,以及魔鬼般的惡

這一族貼著核心畫面:先是真的屬於魔鬼,再是壞得跟魔鬼一樣。兩者的差別在於一個講來源,一個下判斷。

adjective · C2

Belonging to the devil or connected with the devil — used about names, powers, figures and stories in religion and folklore.

魔鬼的;與魔鬼有關的

英式口語:糟透了

只有這個字的「大」被借走,魔鬼留在原地。抱怨的時候需要一個夠大的字,它剛好夠大。

adjective · C1

Extremely bad or extremely unpleasant — used in British speech when complaining about how bad something is, with no suggestion of evil.

糟透了;爛到不行