核心畫面

You can picture evil as a deep, deliberate badness that wants to harm: not a small fault or a mistake, but a will turned toward cruelty — choosing to hurt others on purpose. From that dark centre everything else spreads: morally wrong acts, things so unpleasant they feel that badness, the spooky 'harmful magic' of stories, and — as a noun — that same badness named as one big thing in the world.

可以把 evil 想成一種又深又是故意的『壞』,而且是想要傷害人的壞:不是小過錯、也不是失手,而是一顆轉向殘忍的心—更多收起可以把 evil 想成一種又深又是故意的『壞』,而且是想要傷害人的壞:不是小過錯、也不是失手,而是一顆轉向殘忍的心——明知會害人,還是選擇去害。核心畫面比較像一個漆黑、刻意作惡的中心,從這裡往外擴散:道德上很錯的行為、難聞難受到讓人覺得『這東西壞透了』的氣味、故事裡那種害人的妖術、以及當名詞時把這份壞當成世上一個龐大的東西來講。

Four branches

形容詞:刻意的大壞

最貼著核心的一家:形容人或行為那種故意、嚴重、想害人的壞——從『殘忍作惡的人』到『道德上很錯的事』,都是同一團黑往不同地方落。

evil (cruel on purpose) · adjective · B2

Choosing to do very cruel things that hurt other people on purpose.

邪惡

形容詞:難受到像壞透

把『壞』從道德拉到感官:一個氣味或味道難聞難受到一個程度,讓人忍不住覺得它『壞透了』——借的是那份令人退避的惡感,不是真的道德問題。

evil (unpleasant smell/taste) · adjective · B2

Very unpleasant, especially a smell or taste.

難聞

形容詞:故事裡的害人妖術

把那份『想害人的壞』放進童話和傳說:和會害人的魔法、鬼神扯上關係的東西,包括帶來厄運的『邪惡之眼』、和讓人發怵的『討厭時刻』。

evil (magic/spirits, in stories) · adjective · B2

Connected with magic or spirits that are believed to harm people, in stories.

邪門

名詞:把壞當成一個東西

把同一團黑從『形容詞』凝成『名詞』:不再形容某人某事壞,而是把『壞』本身抓出來當成世上一樣存在的東西——可以是抽象的一整股惡,也可以是一件件具體的禍害。

evil (bad behaviour, as an idea) · noun · B2

Cruel or very wrong behaviour, thought of as one big idea.

邪惡

原始詞典資料12 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

eviladj詞源 1/ˈiːvəl/

  • 1

    Intending to harm; malevolent.

    • an evil plot to brainwash and even kill innocent people
    • For a good while the Miss Brownings were kept in ignorance of the evil tongues that whispered hard words about Molly.
  • 2

    Morally corrupt.

    • If something is evil, it is never mandatory.
    • Do you think that companies that engage in animal testing are evil?
  • 3

    Unpleasant, foul (of odor, taste, mood, weather, etc.).

    • 1660, John Harding (translator), Paracelsus his Archidoxis, London: W.S., Book 7, “Of an Odoriferous Specifick,” p. 100, An Odoriferous Specifick […] is a Matter that takes away Diseases from the Sick, no otherwise then as Civet drives away the stinck of Ordure by its Odour; for you are to observe, That the Specifick doth permix it self with this evil Odour of the Dung; and the stink of the Dung cannot hurt, no[r] abide there […]
    • He awoke in an evil temper […]
  • 4

    Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity; unpropitious; calamitous.

    • The owl shrieked at thy birth,—an evil sign;
    • […] he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel:
  • 5

    obsoleteHaving harmful qualities; not good; worthless or deleterious.

    • an evil beast; an evil plant; an evil crop
    • A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit.
  • 6

    slangcomputingengineeringmathematicsUndesirable; harmful; bad practice.

    • Global variables are evil; storing processing context in object member variables allows those objects to be reused in a much more flexible way.

evilnoun詞源 1/ˈiːvəl/

  • 1

    Moral badness; wickedness; malevolence; the forces or behaviors that are the opposite or enemy of good.

    • The evils of society include murder and theft.
    • Evil lacks spirituality, hence its need for mind control.
  • 2

    Something which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; something which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; harm; injury; mischief.

    • evils which our own misdeeds have wrought
    • The evil that men do lives after them.
  • 3

    obsoleteA malady or disease; especially in combination, as in king's evil, colt evil.

    • [The disease]Tis call'd the Euill.
    • He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the evil.

eviladv詞源 2/ˈiːvəl/

  • 1

    obsoletewickedly, evilly, iniquitously

    • O what of Gods then boots it to be borne, / If old Aveugles ſonnes ſo euill heare?
  • 2

    obsoleteinjuriously, harmfully; in a damaging way.

    • And many ſhall follow their pernicious wayes, by reaſon of whom the way of trueth ſhall be euill ſpoken of:
  • 3

    obsoletebadly, poorly; in an insufficient way.

    • It went evil with him.
    • But (as the Poet ſaith) Malè ſarta gratia, nequicquam coit, & reſcinditur: Friendſhip, that is but euill peeced, will not ioine cloſe, but falleth aſunder againe:

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。