對說法說不：否認
被推回去的是一個「你做了某事」的說法。
statement denying something · noun · C2
A statement that says something is not true, especially a public one that answers a claim or story.
否認
核心畫面
A way to hold it: saying no. Something is put in front of you — a claim, a request, an unwelcome fact — and you push it back with "no."
一個「不」的動作。有東西遞到你面前——一個說法、一個請求、一件你不想承認的事實——你把它推回去，說「沒有」「不行」「…更多收起
一個「不」的動作。有東西遞到你面前——一個說法、一個請求、一件你不想承認的事實——你把它推回去，說「沒有」「不行」「不是這樣」。denial 這個名詞就是在指那個推回去的動作本身。三個意思的差別，只在於被推回去的是什麼：推回一個說法、推回一個人想要的東西、或推回你自己心裡不願意接受的事。From the word’s history
From deny, ultimately from Latin dēnegāre "to refuse, to say no to" (de- intensive + negāre "to say no") — the "no" sits right in the root.
deny 來自拉丁文 dēnegāre，由加強語氣的 de- 加上 negāre（說不）組成，字根裡就直接坐著一個「不」。這也解釋了為什麼 denial 涵蓋的範圍那麼廣：只要是「說不」的動作，不管對象是別人的指控、別人的請求，還是自己心裡的事實，都收在這個字底下。
Wiktionary / Online Etymology Dictionary (deny < Latin dēnegāre)
Three branches
對人說不：不給、剝奪
同樣是說「不」，但這次對著的是請求而不是說法，所以 denial 落在「不給」上。
refusal to allow · noun · C2
The act of not allowing someone to have something, or not letting them do something.
剝奪
對自己說不：不肯面對
最裡面的一層：說「不」的人和聽的人是同一個，你在對自己的現實搖頭。
refusal to accept the truth · noun · C2
A state in which you will not admit or believe that something bad is true or has happened.
不肯面對
原始詞典資料8 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
denialnoun/dɪˈnaɪ.əl/
- 1
An assertion of untruth.
- The singer has issued a sweeping denial of all the rumors.
- 2
human-scienceslogicmathematicsThe negation in logic.
- The denial of "There might be X" is the null, "False, there is no X."
- 3
A refusal or failure to provide or grant something that is requested or desired.
- The denial of medical treatment to those who cannot afford to pay is scandalous.
- I cannot understand the bank's denial of my loan application.
- 4
Refusal to believe that a problem exists.
- We couldn't break through his denial about being alcoholic.
- Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
- 5
Refusal to admit responsibility for wrongdoing.
- Denial is the first act when the perpetrator refutes the very nature of the planned measures, explaining the steps as justified and legitimate actions to cope with the identified problem. The denial then lives on during the different stages of the genocide and is invoked continuously by the perpetrator whenever its actions are criticized or labeled as atrocities and unlawful. At the end, once the practical stages have had their course, all that remains and thrives is the denial.
- 6
Negationism, denialism of historical facts or accepted interpretation.
- The sheer length of the list demonstrates the hold denial wields over states and societies, a power that may be best understood empirically by delving further into the two best-documented cases of Holocaust and Armenian [genocide] denial.
- However, just as genocide is understood by some—including Raphael Lemkin—as a kind of radical, perverse act of creation, so too, denial does not aim only at a negation of reality but also at the creation of a new reality.
- 7
human-sciencespsychologysciencesA defense mechanism involving a refusal to accept the truth of a phenomenon or prospect.
- He is in denial that he has a drinking problem.
- "Denial" came out of the therapyspeak prevalent in the middle of the 20th century, especially as it was applied to confronting the reality of mortality. It was popularized as the first stage of grief, and quickly expanded to include refusal to confront any bad news or disturbing ideas.
- 8
A disownment or disavowal
- The denial of Jesus by Peter.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。