喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold this word: a flat panel sitting in front of an opening, ready to close it. Pull it across and the light, the weather and anyone outside are all shut out; push it back and everything comes in again. The panel can be a wooden board on a window, a metal sheet over a shop front, or a tiny door inside a camera. The size changes; the job does not.

shutter 可以想成一片擋在開口前面的板子，隨時準備關上。拉上去，光、風雨和外面的人就都被擋在外面；推開來，一切…更多收起shutter 可以想成一片擋在開口前面的板子，隨時準備關上。拉上去，光、風雨和外面的人就都被擋在外面；推開來，一切又進得來。這片板子的大小和材質可以差很多——窗戶外的木板、店門口的鐵捲門、相機裡那道只開一瞬間的小門——但它的工作從來沒變過：關住一個開口。連動詞用法也在這個畫面裡：把板子拉下來，就是「關起來」，可以是關窗、封房子，也可以是一家店從此不做了。

From the word’s history

Built from shut plus -er: the thing that shuts. That is why one word covers a window board, a shop front and a camera part — the name describes the job, not the object.

這個字是 shut（關上）加上 -er（做這件事的東西）組成的，字面就是「負責關起來的那個東西」。因為名字說的是工作而不是外型，所以窗板、鐵捲門、相機裡的小門才能共用同一個字。動詞用法也順著這條線：名詞是那片板子，動詞就是把它拉上。

Wiktionary entries for shutter (noun and verb), etymology_text 'From shut + -er. Compare shuttle.' supplied in this packet (source_refs kaikki:...:1156320322 and kaikki:...:1156359621)

Three branches

擋住開口的板子

這一族就是核心畫面本身：一片實體的板子，蓋在窗戶、店面或出餐口這些開口上。

noun · B1

One of a pair of wooden or metal covers fitted on the outside of a window, which can be closed to keep out light, wind and rain, or to stop anyone getting in. People almost always speak of them in the plural, as shutters.

窗板、遮窗板

相機裡那道只開一瞬間的小門

同一片板子縮到相機裡面。差別在時間：窗板關上是常態、開著是常態，這道小門則平常關著，只在按下的那一瞬間開一次。

noun · B2

The part inside a camera that stays closed and opens for a very short moment to let light reach the film or the sensor when a photo is taken.

快門

把板子拉上（動詞）

名詞直接當動詞用：不是那片板子，而是拉上那片板子的動作。受詞從窗戶、房子，一路延伸到店家與公司。

verb · B2

To close the shutters over a window, or to close a building up in the same way when nobody will be using it for a while.

關上窗板、把（房子）封起來

原始詞典資料11 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Shuttername

  • 1

    A surname.

shutternoun/ˈʃʌtəː/

  • 1

    One who shuts or closes something.

    • the openers and shutters of the sluices we believe are basic to the history of mind
    • The volunteers consisted of a ringmaster, two experienced young cattlemen to grade the cattle, gate-openers and shutters[…]
  • 2

    Each of a series of protective panels, usually wooden, placed over windows to block out the light.

  • 3

    A similar screen used as an improvised stretcher to carry someone wounded or sick.

    • [T]he other fiddler had been carried home, exhausted, on a shutter.
    • ‘I can remember his body coming home, on a shutter I suppose, just as I was going down to tea […].’
  • 4

    artshobbieslifestyleThe part of a camera, normally closed, that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in when taking a picture.

  • 5

    Any other opening and closing device.

    • A service hatch with sliding shutter is situated at the end of the kitchen next to the dining compartment. […] A shutter, in three parts, is fitted, which when lowered completely encloses the bar.
  • 6

    businessconstructionmanufacturingA panel used to contain freshly poured concrete, which is usually removed when the concrete hardens.

    • The vertical wall was poured in two lifts, using two pairs of steel shutters which were bolted tightly onto 9-in. long wooden spacers.

shutterverb/ˈʃʌtəː/

  • 1

    To close shutters covering.

    • Shutter the windows: there's a storm coming!
  • 2

    To close up (a building) for a prolonged period of inoccupancy.

    • It took all day to shutter the cabin now that the season has ended.
  • 3

    To cancel or terminate.

    • The US is seeking to get Iran to shutter its nuclear weapons program.
    • This company was shuttered in 2002.
  • 4

    To rain heavily.

    • Mollie Wilson was a teenager living with her parents in Donaghmore in Tyrone, Northern Ireland [and said this]: 3rd September [1939] When Chamberlain made his declaration of war, there was violent thunder and lightning and rain shuttered down. I had always trusted rain too.
    • It's a bastard of a day, shuttering rain, but I can still shape up the hills off in the distance.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。