身體上的痛
最原本的用法，分成「造成痛的那個東西」和「痛著的那個地方」兩面。
physically painful · adjective · B1
Causing you to feel physical pain.
使人疼痛的
核心畫面
The word is pain with -ful stuck on: something that has pain in it. That covers both ends of the same moment — the needle that puts the pain in, and the arm where the pain now sits. English then lets the same word run past the body: a memory can have hurt packed into it the way a wound does, and so can watching someone fail badly in front of a crowd.
這個字是 pain 加上 -ful：裡面裝著痛的東西。這一句就同時蓋住了一件事的兩頭——把痛送進去的那根針，以及現在…更多收起
這個字是 pain 加上 -ful：裡面裝著痛的東西。這一句就同時蓋住了一件事的兩頭——把痛送進去的那根針，以及現在痛著的那隻手臂。接著英文讓同一個字越過身體：一段回憶也可以像傷口一樣，裡面裝滿了痛；看著別人在眾人面前出糗，也是。Three branches
心裡的痛
同一個「裡面裝著痛」的畫面搬到心裡：傷口換成了回憶、離別或一段難熬的日子。
emotionally painful · adjective · B1
Making you feel very sad or upset, or very hard and unpleasant to go through.
痛苦的
看了聽了都難受
痛的位置再移一次——不在當事人身上，而在旁邊看的人身上：糟到讓觀眾替他難受。
cringeworthy · adjective · B1
So bad that it makes people feel uncomfortable or embarrassed to watch or hear.
尷尬到不忍看的
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
painfuladj/ˈpeɪn.fl̩/
- 1
Causing pain or distress, either physical or mental.
- In a 2008 case report from India, doctors described removing a giant tonsillolith that was making it painful for a young patient to swallow.
- A rackingly painful disease that affects the joints and finally cripples, it is caused by an imbalance of uric acid in the system.
- 2
Afflicted or suffering with pain (of a body part or, formerly, of a person).
- 3
Requiring effort or labor; difficult, laborious.
- 4
archaicPainstaking; careful; industrious.
- The men bestow their times in fishing, hunting, warres, and such manlike exercises, scorning to be seene in any woman-like exercise, which is the cause that the women be very painefull, and the men often idle.
- To all these painful labourers Johnson shewed a never-ceasing kindness, so far as they stood in need of it.
- 5
informalVery bad, poor.
- His violin playing is painful.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。