這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字,意思沒有關係, 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 a list · list (ship leaning)
list
n, v核心畫面
You can picture this list as a column of items written one under another — names, words, or numbers lined up in a neat strip so you can run your eye down and check them. From that single image of 'things set out in an ordered line' grow the rest: a position on that line (high or low), the act of writing things out in order, and being put down on an official register.
可以想成:這個 list 的核心畫面比較像「一條一條往下排的清單」——名字、字詞或數字一行一行整齊地列成一條,讓你的…更多收起
可以想成:這個 list 的核心畫面比較像「一條一條往下排的清單」——名字、字詞或數字一行一行整齊地列成一條,讓你的視線可以順著往下看、逐項核對。從這個「東西排成有序的一列」的畫面長出其餘用法:在這條清單上的位置(靠前或靠後)、把東西按順序逐一寫出或說出,以及被正式登記到某份名單上。A second word, same spelling
list
v核心畫面
You can picture this list as a ship leaning over to one side instead of sitting upright — tilted on the water. This is a separate word that only happens to be spelled the same as the 'list of items' word; it is not a metaphor off that one, but a different word of its own (older form 'lust', of uncertain origin).
可以想成:這個 list 的核心畫面比較像「一艘船歪向一邊、不再挺直地坐在水面上」——傾斜地浮著。這是另一個剛好拼法…更多收起
可以想成:這個 list 的核心畫面比較像「一艘船歪向一邊、不再挺直地坐在水面上」——傾斜地浮著。這是另一個剛好拼法相同的字,跟「清單」那個 list 沒有關係,不是從它引申來的,而是一個獨立的字(較早寫作 lust,來源不確定)。原始詞典資料35 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Listname
- 1
A surname.
listnoun詞源 1/lɪst/
- 1
A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
- 1. Gent[leman]. Well: there went but a paire of ſheeres betweene vs. / Luc[io]. I grant: as there may betweene the Liſts, and the Veluet. Thou art the Liſt. / 1. Gent. And thou the Veluet. Thou art good Veluet; thou'rt a three pild-piece I warrant thee: I had as liefe be a Lyſt of an Engliſh Kerſey, as be pil'd, as thou art pil'd, for a French Veluet. Do I ſpeake feelingly now?
- “Listen! I see it all — down, down even to the stays! Such stays! Six-eight a pair, Polly, with red flannel — or list is it? — that they put into the tops of those fearful things. I can draw you a picture of them.”
- 2
Material used for cloth selvage.
- Previous to the offering up of prayer, however, the persons chosen for this office [of praying for the people] had divested themselves of their boots and put on list slippers, their hands being washed by "the descendants of Levi" at a basin near the Holy of Holies.
- "How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room about nine left to traces with her muddy boots?" / "I am glad you raise the point. It occurred to me at the time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting on list slippers."
- 3
A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself.
- Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was with Iulius Cæſar, and Septimius Seuerus. […] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all the Liſt.
- "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe," said one of the gentlemen, referring to his list. "Have I the pleasure of addressing Mr. Scrooge, or Mr. Marley?"
- 4
historicalThe barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.
- On pain of death, no person be so bold Or daring-hardy as to touch the lists, Except the marshal and such officers Appointed to direct these fair designs.
- With Truncheon tip'd with Iron head, / The Warrior to the Lists [he] led; […]
- 5
historicalgovernmentmilitarypoliticsThe scene of a military contest; the ground or field of combat; an enclosed space that serves as a battlefield; the site of a pitched battle.
- The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
- 6
computingengineeringmathematicsA codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
- Lisp is an applicative language. This means that it is structured around applying functions (operations) to a linked list of arguments that accompany those functions. […] A function call or function definition is only coded in the syntax of a list, which can be of an indefinite length. Thus, the list is the only data structure for a Lisp program.
- 7
architectureA little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
- STRIÆ, in ancient architecture, the liſts, fillets or rays which ſeparate the ſtriges or flutings of columns.
- A volute is a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and Composite capitals, of which it makes the principal characteristic and ornament. […] There are several diversities practised in the volute. In some, the list or edge, throughout all the circumvolutions, is in the same line or plane. […] [I]n others, the canal or one circumvolution is detached from the list of another by a vacuity or aperture.
- 8
businesscarpentryconstructionA narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.
另外 4 個記錄的用法
- 9
artscraftshobbiesA piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
- 10
businessmanufacturingtin-plate-manufactureThe first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
- 11
obsoleteA stripe.
- Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a black liſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.
- 12
obsoleteA boundary or limit; a border.
- [W]ere it good / […] to ſet ſo rich a maine / On the nice hazard of one doubtfull houre? / It were not good for therein ſhould we read / The very bottome and the ſoule of hope, / The very liſt, the very vtmost bound / Of all our fortunes.
listverb詞源 1/lɪst/
- 1
To create or recite a list.
- 2
To place in listings.
- As the export market for tropical hardwoods expanded, timber from tropical rain forests very rapidly became the dominant or major forest product, dominant to such an extent that trade figures often do not even list the minor forest products exported, or their value.
- 3
To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border.
- 4
To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
- to list a door
- He raised his eyes and saw / The tree that shone white-listed thro' the gloom.
- 5
agriculturebusinesslifestyleTo plough and plant with a lister.
- 6
agriculturebusinesslifestyleTo prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe.
- 7
businesscarpentryconstructionTo cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.
- to list a board
- 8
governmentmilitarypoliticsTo enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
另外 4 個記錄的用法
- 9
obsoleteTo engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
- […] It is therefore ordered that the Maior and Aldermen of Colchester [et al.], shall forthwith procure and raise in the said severall townes, and other pleces adjacent, two thousand horses for dragooners, or as manie as possible they may, for the service as aforesaid, and with all possible speed to send them up to London unto Thomas Browne Grocer, and Maximilian Beard Girdler, by us appointed to list horses for the service aforesaid; […]
- "I have a gun, madam," said little Julian, "and the park-keeper is to teach me how to fire it next year." / "I will list you for my soldier, then," said the Countess.
- 10
obsoleteTo engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
- 11
To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjective listed.
- A century later, BR demolished the downside main buildings, so the eastbound and central platforms were promptly listed - which has ensured their survival, albeit increasingly neglected in recent years. This has now been rectified, [...].
- 12
To trade on a particular stock exchange.
- I was able to invest as soon as the company was listed.
- Responsible for public affairs, business strategy, corporate development and finance, he [Donald Tang] now faces the task of getting an initial public offering over the line in London after ditching earlier plans to list in New York in the face of US political opposition.
listnoun詞源 2/lɪst/
- 1
archaicArt; craft; cunning; skill.
- In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italian list and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
- Sophos, fab[le] 40. "The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only with list or cunning within."
listverb詞源 3/lɪst/
- 1
To listen.
- 2 [Soldier] Peace, what noiſe? / 1 [Soldier] Liſt liſt. / 2 Hearke. / 1 Music i' th' Ayre.
- We list to the trumpings that herald the storm, / To the roll of the drum, and the order to form!
- 2
To listen to.
- Then way what loſſe your honor may ſuſtaine / If with too credent eare you liſt his ſongs / Or looſe your hart, or your chaſt treaſure open / To his vnmaſtred importunity.
listverb詞源 4/lɪst/
- 1
archaicTo desire, like, or wish (to do something).
- who liſt to lyue yn quyetnes by me lett hym beware For I by highe dyſdayne ame made withoute redreſſe and vnkyndenes Alas hathe ſlayne my poore trew hart all comfortles
- If thou beeſt a man, ſhew thy ſelfe in thy likeneſs. If thou beeſt a diuell, take't as thou liſt.
- 2
archaicTo be pleasing to.
- Might then I depart, and dwell as listeth me, out of all the world?
listnoun詞源 4/lɪst/
- 1
obsoleteDesire, inclination.
- I know too much: / I finde it, I; for when I ha liſt to ſleepe, / Mary, before your Ladiſhip I grant, / She puts her tongue alittle in her heart, / And chides with thinking.
listnoun詞源 5/lɪst/
- 1
architectureA tilt to a building.
- 2
nauticaltransportA careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power.
listverb詞源 5/lɪst/
- 1
nauticaltransportTo cause (something) to tilt to one side.
- The steady wind listed the ship.
- 2
nauticaltransportTo tilt to one side.
- The ship listed to port.
- Even a small camber one way caused the whole outfit to list alarmingly.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。