喜樂美語

核心畫面

One way to hold hurl: an arm swinging back and letting go, and something leaving your hand fast. There is nothing careful in it. The thing goes out and away, usually in a direction the sentence has to name — across the room, onto the sofa, into the bin — and often the person letting go is angry or in a hurry. Once you have that picture, the rest of the word is a question of what gets thrown: an object, a mouthful of angry words, your own body, or what is in your stomach.

hurl 可以想成：手臂往後一甩，然後鬆手，東西就飛出去了。整個動作裡沒有一點小心翼翼。東西往外、往遠去，而且句子通…更多收起hurl 可以想成：手臂往後一甩，然後鬆手，東西就飛出去了。整個動作裡沒有一點小心翼翼。東西往外、往遠去，而且句子通常得說出它飛去哪裡——過整個房間、到沙發上、進垃圾桶。丟的人常常在生氣，或者急得沒空多想。抓住這個畫面之後，剩下的只是一個問題：被丟出去的是什麼？可以是一個東西，可以是一串難聽的話，可以是自己的身體，也可以是胃裡的東西。

From the word’s history

Middle English hurlen, of imitative origin — the word was built to sound like the movement. Hurry and hurtle come from the same family, and all three keep a sense of speed and force.

hurl 來自中古英語 hurlen，是一個擬聲來的字：它的聲音本身就在模仿那個猛力甩出去的動作。hurry（急）和 hurtle（疾飛）跟它同一家族，三個字都留著「快、猛、來不及細想」的味道，這正好對上今天 hurl 給人的感覺。

Wiktionary etymology_text supplied in this packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:533428108)

Five branches

把東西丟出去

核心畫面本身。一個東西離開手，快、遠、不小心。動詞說的是那個動作，名詞說的是「丟出去的那一下」。

verb · B2

To throw something with a lot of force, often because you are angry or upset, or because a strong force such as the wind is moving it.

用力扔；猛擲

把話丟出去

被丟的換成話。話一樣是快、重、朝著一個人去的，所以後面接 at somebody 而不是 to somebody。

verb · B2

To shout angry, hurtful, or blaming words at someone.

（對某人）大聲辱罵、丟出指控

把自己丟出去

這次手上沒有東西，被丟出去的是自己。所以句子裡一定有 himself／herself，也一定有方向。

verb · B2

To throw your own body at or against someone or something with a lot of force, usually without stopping to think.

（用力）撲向、衝向

從身體裡丟出來

英文本來就把嘔吐想成「把東西丟出去」——throw up 就是這個畫面。hurl 走同一條路，只是更口語。

verb · B2

To bring food up from your stomach and out of your mouth because you feel ill. This is an informal word, used mostly in American English.

吐（口語）

愛爾蘭的擲球運動

這項運動的名字 hurling 本身就取自同一個「猛力擲、揮擊」的動作，所以它不算另一條來源，而是核心畫面被拿去當成一個比賽的名字。

verb · C1

To play hurling, the fast Irish team sport in which players hit a small hard ball with a wooden stick.

打愛爾蘭板棍球

原始詞典資料14 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

hurlverb/hɜːl/

  • 1

    To throw (something) with force.

    • Thou shalt have Preists immers’t in lust and gluttony And bishops three times married, thy cathedrals The Seats where Prayer and hospitality Should dwel, shall be the taverns Where Drunken bowles incessantly goe round In leud debauch and midnight dice are hurld, The beds wherein the wearied Pilgrim us’d To ease his crippled Limbs, he now shall find Possess’t with Women, nurses, she attandants, And a Dishonest brood of ugly children.
    • I was standing on the edge of the conning-tower, when a heavy palm suddenly struck me between the shoulders and hurled me forward into space. The drop to the triangular deck forward of the conning-tower might easily have broken a leg for me, or I might have slipped off onto the deck and rolled overboard; but fate was upon my side, as I was only slightly bruised.
  • 2

    To utter (harsh or derogatory speech), especially at its target.

    • The gangs hurled abuse at each other.
    • Tarzan on his part never lost an opportunity to show that he fully reciprocated his foster father's sentiments, and whenever he could safely annoy him or make faces at him or hurl insults upon him from the safety of his mother's arms, or the slender branches of the higher trees, he did so.
  • 3

    To participate in the sport of hurling.

    • Their cause was helped after the senior footballers were unexpectedly dumped out of the running for the Sam Maguire, meaning Aidan Walsh is available to hurl full-time with the young Rebels -- Walsh scored 1-1 in the semi-final victory over reigning All-Ireland champions Tipperary.
  • 4

    slangTo vomit.

    • I shake and bake the world Rearrange like the chemical Jheri curl, drink til I hurl
  • 5

    obsoleteTo twist or turn.

    • On Nicias a philosopher having his shoes stolen from him, may they, said he, fit his feet that took them away. A wish at the first view very harmless, but there was that in it which poisoned his charity into a malicious revenge. For he himself had hurled or crooked feet, so that in effect he wished the thief to be lame.
  • 6

    obsoleteTo move rapidly with a noise; to whirl.

  • 7

    obsoleteTo convey in a wheeled vehicle.

hurlnoun/hɜːl/

  • 1

    A throw, especially a violent throw; a fling.

    • He managed a hurl of 50.3 metres.
    • The Gods, with horror and amaze, look’d down, Beholding rocks from their firm basis rent; Mountain on mountain thrown, With threatening hurl, that shook th’ aethereal [var.: aerial] firmament!
  • 2

    slangThe act of vomiting.

    • Open the window! I've gotta take a hurl.
  • 3

    slangVomit.

    • WAYNE: What I'd really like to do is something extraordinary. Something big. […] But I'll probably end up working at Great America, mopping up hurl and lung butter.
  • 4

    The act of hitting the sliotar with the hurley.

  • 5

    slangA conveyance in a wheeled vehicle; a ride in a car, etc.

    • Maybe you can give me a hurl in the Bentley one day, when you're in the vicinity.
  • 6

    obsoleteTumult; riot; hurly-burly.

  • 7

    obsoleteA table on which fibre is stirred and mixed by beating with a bow spring.

資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。