人：叫不停的固執
這一支直接就是核心畫面本身：一個人滿滿都是自己的意志，所以外面的勸阻推不動他。
adjective · C1
Going on doing what you want even after other people have told you to stop. The word shows that the speaker does not approve of this.
任性的；執拗的
核心畫面
One way to hold this word: will is what a person wants, and -ful means full of it. So wilful can be pictured as a person filled right up with their own wanting, with no room left for what anyone else says. Everything the word does grows from that one picture. Turned on a person, it gives the child who keeps going after being told to stop. Turned on an act, it gives the damage or the disobedience that someone chose, knowing it was wrong. In both directions the word carries a : the speaker is not the will, they are complaining about it.
可以想成 will（想要）加上 -ful（滿滿的）：一個人被自己的「我要」裝得滿滿的，外面的聲音塞不進去。這個字的兩…更多收起
可以想成 will（想要）加上 -ful（滿滿的）：一個人被自己的「我要」裝得滿滿的，外面的聲音塞不進去。這個字的兩個用法都從這個畫面長出來。往「人」的方向長，就是叫他停、他照樣繼續的任性。往「行為」的方向長，就是明知道不該、還是選擇去做的蓄意。兩邊有個共同點：說話的人不是在欣賞這股意志，而是在抱怨它。From the word’s history
Middle English wilful, from will plus -ful, literally full of one's own will.
來源資料寫的是：wilful 來自中古英語 wilful，等於 will 加上 -ful，字面上就是「裝滿了自己的意志」。這條線索正好對上今天兩個用法的共同點——事情是從本人的意志裡出來的。
packet evidence: Wiktionary etymology_text for wilful (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:759953648:12051) — 'From Middle English wilful; equivalent to will + -ful.'
Two branches
行為：明知故犯
同一股意志，鏡頭從「人」移到「那件事」。既然事情是從本人的意志出來的，就不能推說不小心——規定和報告要的正是這一點。
adjective · C1
Used in front of nouns like damage, disobedience, neglect or exaggeration to say that the person did it on purpose, knowing that what they were doing was wrong.
蓄意的（破壞、違抗等）
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
wilfuladj/ˈwɪlfʊl/
- 1
Intentional; deliberate.
- Knowingly or unknowingly, every therapist assumes that each client possesses the capacity to change through willful choice.
- 2
Stubborn and determined.
- Mary had taken the whim into her willful head, and Jane could not dissuade her.
- Let you not be taking it bad, Conchubor, but you’ll get little good seeing her this night, for with all my talking it’s wilfuler she’s growing these two months or three.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。