馬刺本身:尖刺與催馬
這一族就是字面上的馬刺:實物的尖刺,以及用它催馬前進的那個動作。核心畫面在這裡是照字面理解的,沒有轉喻。
spur, riding spur · noun · C2
A small sharp point on the back of a rider's boot, used to make a horse go faster.
馬刺
One way to picture it: a small sharp point fixed at the rider's heel. When the rider presses it into the horse's side, the horse jumps forward. It is a tiny thing that produces a sudden burst of movement — and it also just sticks out, a point projecting from a bigger body.
The noun goes back to Old English spora / spura, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, tied to a Proto-Indo-European root *sperH- meaning 'to kick'. The kicking heel is right there in the word's history — which is why the modern core keeps that sense of a heel-jab that sets something moving.
這個名詞來自古英語 spora / spura,上溯到原始日耳曼語 *spurô,再往上是原始印歐語 *sperH-(踢)。也就是說,「用腳跟踢」這個動作本來就寫在這個字的身世裡;現代 spur 保留的「戳一下、催一下就往前」的感覺,正是從那個踢的動作延續下來的。
Wiktionary, entry 'spur' (Etymology 1, from Old English spora/spura < PGmc *spurô < PIE *sperH- 'to kick')
Three branches
馬刺本身:尖刺與催馬
這一族就是字面上的馬刺:實物的尖刺,以及用它催馬前進的那個動作。核心畫面在這裡是照字面理解的,沒有轉喻。
spur, riding spur · noun · C2
A small sharp point on the back of a rider's boot, used to make a horse go faster.
馬刺
推一把:讓人或事動起來
馬刺的功能是「一戳就加速」;把這個功能抽出來,套到人的動機和事情的進展上,就是這一族。
spur, motivate · verb · C2
To make someone want to do something, or to give them the push they need to start or keep going.
激勵
突出來的一段:地形與路線
馬刺除了會刺,外形本來就是「從靴跟突出來的一小截」。把這個外形借去看山和鐵路,就得到這一族。
spur, a ridge of land · noun · C2
A piece of high land that sticks out from the side of a hill or mountain.
山嘴
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Spurname
An occupational surname from Middle English
Spurnoun
ball-gamesgameshobbiessomeone connected with Tottenham Hotspur FC, as a fan, player, coach etc.
spurnoun詞源 1/spɜː/
A rigid implement, often roughly y-shaped, that is fixed to one's heel for the purpose of prodding a horse. Often worn by, and emblematic of, the cowboy or the knight.
A jab given with the spurs.
Anything that inspires or motivates, as a spur does a horse.
An appendage or spike pointing rearward, near the foot, for instance that of a rooster.
Any protruding part connected at one end, for instance a highway that extends from another highway into a city.
Roots, tree roots.
geographygeologynatural-sciencesA mountain that shoots from another mountain or range and extends some distance in a lateral direction, or at right angles.
A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot, to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale to strip off the blubber.
businesscarpentryconstructionA brace strengthening a post and some connected part, such as a rafter or crossbeam; a strut.
architectureThe short wooden buttress of a post.
architectureA projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.
Ergotized rye or other grain.
A wall in a fortification that crosses a part of a rampart and joins to an inner wall.
businessmanufacturingshipbuildingA piece of timber fixed on the bilgeways before launching, having the upper ends bolted to the vessel's side.
businessmanufacturingshipbuildingA curved piece of timber serving as a half to support the deck where a whole beam cannot be placed.
businessminingA branch of a vein.
rail-transportrailwaystransportA very short branch line of a railway line.
transportA short branch road of a motorway, freeway or major road.
biologybotanynatural-sciencesA short thin side shoot from a branch, especially one that bears fruit or, in conifers, the shoots that bear the leaves.
spurverb詞源 1/spɜː/
To prod (especially a horse) on the side or flank, with the intent to urge motion or haste, to gig.
To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object
To put spurs on.
To press forward; to travel in great haste.
To form a spur (senses 17-18 of the noun)
spurnoun詞源 2/spɜː/
A tern.
spurnoun詞源 3/spɜː/
businesselectrical-engineeringelectricityA spurious tone, one that interferes with a signal in a circuit and is often masked underneath that signal.
spurnoun詞源 4/spɜː/
The track of an animal, such as an otter; a spoor.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。