核心畫面
The old picture under 'spoil' is stripping something bare — pulling the good off it. From that one act grow two branches: the verb, where stripping a thing of what made it good means ruining it (or, oddly, 'stripping' someone with so much kindness they go soft); and the noun, the stuff you stripped off and carried away — the loot.
spoil 底下那個老畫面，可以想成「把東西身上的好處剝下來拿走」。從這個「剝光」的動作分出兩條路：動詞這邊，把一樣…更多收起
spoil 底下那個老畫面，可以想成「把東西身上的好處剝下來拿走」。從這個「剝光」的動作分出兩條路：動詞這邊，把一樣東西好的部分剝掉，就是「破壞、搞砸」（或反過來，用太多好處去「剝」一個人，把他寵軟）；名詞這邊，則是被剝下來、扛回家的那堆東西——也就是戰利品。原始詞典資料14 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
spoilverb/spɔɪl/
- 1
archaicTo strip (someone who has been killed or defeated) of arms or armour.
- 2
archaicTo strip or deprive (someone) of possessions; to rob, despoil.
- All that herde hym wer amased and sayde: ys nott this he that spoylled them whych called on this name in Jerusalem?
- To do her dye (quoth Vna) were despight, / And shame t'auenge so weake an enimy; / But spoile her of her scarlot robe, and let her fly.
- 3
archaicTo plunder, pillage (a city, country etc.).
- Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil.
- 4
obsoleteTo carry off (goods) by force; to steal.
- No man can enter into a strong man’s house, and spoil his goods, except he will first bind the strong man.
- They must likewise endeavour to be careful in looking after the rest of the Servants, that every one perform their duty in their several places, that they keep good hours in their up-rising and lying down, and that no Goods be either spoiled or embezelled.
- 5
To ruin; to damage in such a way as to make undesirable or unusable.
- All this sun spoils me for vacations in the far North.
- Spiritual pride […] spoils so many graces.
- 6
To ruin the character of, by overindulgence; to coddle or pamper to excess.
- 7
To go bad; to become sour or rancid; to decay.
- Make sure you put the milk back in the fridge; otherwise it will spoil.
- 8
To render (a ballot) invalid by deliberately defacing.
- Dr Jonathan Grant (Letters, April 22) feels the best way to show his disaffection with political parties over Iraq is to spoil his ballot paper.
另外 3 個記錄的用法
- 9
To prematurely reveal major events or the ending of (a story etc.); to ruin (a surprise) by exposing ahead of time as a spoiler.
- These include a brief but showstopping (and trailer-revealed) scene where Vanellope crashes a Disney Princess reunion, packed with gags and references that should send both young and old fans into paroxysms of glee. The princess confab also leads into a scene featuring Vanellope and the cast of Slaughter Race that probably shouldn’t be spoiled.
- 10
aeronauticsaerospaceaviationTo reduce the lift generated by an airplane or wing by deflecting air upwards, usually with a spoiler.
- 11
To be very eager (for something).
- Senator Toombs who announced his readiness to whip Great Britain [...] has been spoiling for a fight ever since
spoilnoun/spɔɪl/
- 1
Plunder taken from an enemy or victim.
- Thoſe thouſand horſe shall ſweat with martiall ſpoyle Of conquered kingdomes, and of Cities ſackt, […]
- 2
archaicThe act of taking plunder from an enemy or victim; spoliation, pillage, rapine.
- This countrey ſwarmes with vile outragious men, That liue by rapine and by lawleſſe ſpoile, Fit ſouldiers for the wicked Tamburlaine.
- 3
Material (such as rock or earth) removed in the course of an excavation, or in mining or dredging. Tailings. Such material could be utilised somewhere else.
- In view of the decline in freight traffic, it was strange to hear from Mr. Lambert that there is "a continuing problem of supplying, particularly for the civil engineer, the number of wagons required for carrying construction materials and spoil for various works."
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。