One way to hold this word: picture a pile of something everyone is allowed to take from — money in an account, fields on a farm, cake on a plate. Someone reaches in, moves one part off to the side, and says out loud what that part is for. From then on the side portion is a different thing from the pile. Nobody spends it by accident, and when the day comes that it is needed, it is already there. Every meaning on this page is that one movement, done by a family, a committee, or a government.
Wiktionary records this noun and adjective as deverbal from the phrase set aside, that is, the phrase itself turned into a word.
資料把這個名詞和形容詞都記成 deverbal，也就是從片語 set aside 直接變過來的：動作本身被抓成一個名字，所以字裡面還留著「挪到旁邊」那個手勢。
Wiktionary entries *set-aside* (noun and adjective): deverbal from set aside (packet evidence, source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1022690569 and :1022693160)
Two branches
被挪到旁邊的那一份
這一組直接就是核心動作的結果：一個是那一份東西（名詞），一個是形容那一份東西的樣子（形容詞）。
noun · B2
An amount of money that is kept back and not spent, so that it is there when it is needed for one particular purpose. More widely, anything that is put to one side and saved for a use that has already been decided.
預留款、專款
政府挪出來的那一份
同一個手勢放大到政策層級：政府在大家開始分之前先抽走一塊，並且指定它只能給誰、或只能怎麼用。
noun · C1
In the United States, an arrangement in which a local government helps small businesses to grow by making money available to them. A scheme of this kind is often called a set-aside program.
（美國）扶助小型企業的預留方案