身體上的病
這是畫面最原始的樣子：生病的就是一個真的身體。
noun · C1
An illness or disease in the body, especially one that lasts a long time, sits deep, or is hard to cure.
疾病
核心畫面
Think of a body that has not been kept well. Something inside has gone wrong, and it stays wrong. Not a scratch that heals by Friday, but a trouble that settles in, makes itself at home, and resists whatever you throw at it. Once that picture is in place, the other uses stop looking like separate words: English lets a speaker point the same word at a city, a school system, or one person's jealousy, because each is being talked about as a body that is quietly, chronically .
可以想成一個「沒有被好好照顧的身體」。裡面某個地方壞掉了，而且一直沒好。不是禮拜五就癒合的小傷口，是住下來不走、怎麼…更多收起
可以想成一個「沒有被好好照顧的身體」。裡面某個地方壞掉了，而且一直沒好。不是禮拜五就癒合的小傷口，是住下來不走、怎麼弄都弄不掉的那種。抓住這個畫面，其他用法就不再像另一個字了。英文之所以能把同一個字指向一座城市、一套制度，或一個人的嫉妒，是因為它們都被當成一個慢慢生著病的身體在談。From the word’s history
The evidence packet traces malady to Old French maladie (sickness), from malade (ill), from Latin male habitus, literally 'ill-kept, not in good condition'. The oldest layer is therefore not the name of a disease but a judgement on a state: this body is not being held in good condition. That is exactly the picture the modern uses still lean on.
證據顯示 malady 來自古法文 maladie（生病）、malade（生病的），再往前是拉丁文 male habitus，字面上是「被弄得很糟、狀況不好」。所以最早那一層並不是某個病的名字，而是對一個狀態的判斷：這個身體沒有被維持好。今天的各種用法，靠的還是同一個畫面。
Wiktionary entry for malady, kaikki extract supplied in the evidence packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:650643942:13803)
Two branches
把社會或內心當成生病的身體
同一個身體畫面被借出去用：生病的不再是血肉，而是一個社會，或一個人的內在。兩個用法的共同點是「病得久、動不了根」。
noun · C1
A serious problem in a society or in a system, spoken about as if the society were a body that has fallen ill.
弊病；積弊