釘出位置
這一支釘的是「哪裡」。事情本來浮在空中，找到位置以後它就有了自己的地點。
verb · B2
To find the exact place where something is, or where it is coming from: a fault in a machine, a pain in the body, a sound, a leak.
找出確切位置
核心畫面
You can think of localize as pinning a thing to one place. The parts say it : local, of a place, plus -ize, make it so. Once you have that picture, the different uses are different ways of pinning. You can pin a problem down to the exact spot it is coming from. You can pin a fire or an illness inside one area so it cannot travel. Something can pin itself, settling in one joint and staying there. And you can pin a product to a country, remaking it in that country's money, dates and language until it belongs there.
「localize」可以想成「把一件事釘在一個地方上」。它的組成很直接：local 是「在地的」，-ize 是「使它…更多收起
「localize」可以想成「把一件事釘在一個地方上」。它的組成很直接：local 是「在地的」，-ize 是「使它變成…」。所以字面就是「使它變成屬於某個地方的」。有了這個畫面，各種用法就只是釘的方式不同。可以是釘出位置：本來只知道有問題，一路縮小到那個點。可以是釘住範圍：火、水、疫情都不准跑出這一區。也可以是它自己停下來：感染在一個關節住下不走了。還可以是把一個產品釘到一個國家：換成那裡的錢、日期和語言，直到它像那裡做的。From the word’s history
The word is built from local plus -ize, and French localiser is the same build. Every modern use still shows the two parts working: a place, and something being made to belong to it.
這個字是 local 加上 -ize 造出來的，法文的 localiser 也是同樣的組法。今天每一個用法裡都還看得到這兩塊：一個地方，加上「讓某樣東西變成屬於它的」。
packet evidence: Wiktionary etymology_text for localize, 'From local + -ize. Compare French localiser.' (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:278767486:27895)
Three branches
釘住範圍，不讓它跑
這一支釘的是「界線」。位置已經知道了，現在的問題是不要讓它越過那條線。
verb · B2
To stop something from spreading, so that its effect stays inside one small area.
把…限制在小範圍
改成屬於這個地方
這一支釘的是「歸屬」。前兩支是把事情關在一個地方，這一支是把事情改造成那個地方的東西。
verb · C1
To move something down to a local level, or to treat it as belonging to one particular place rather than to everywhere.
拉到地方層級
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
localizeverb/ˈləʊkəlaɪz/
- 1
To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place.
- The intent of the aphorism "think globally, act locally" was to spur action by localizing the challenge.
- Out of her early struggles well inspired To localize heroic acts
- 2
businesscomputingengineeringTo adapt (a product or service) for use in a particular country or region, typically by translating text into the language of that country and modifying currencies, date formats, etc.
- We need to localize our software for the Japanese market.
- 3
businesscomputingengineeringTo adapt translated text to fit a local culture; to domesticate.
- the ethical dilemma faced when to localize is to self-censor
- 4
To be located in or confined to; to fix upon or sequester in a locality.
- After a brief systemic phase defeated by the immune system, the infection localized to certain areas where it went dormant.
- 5
To determine where something takes place or is to be found.
- After exploratory surgery, the extent of the problem was localized to the left lower quadrant.
- 6
algebramathematicssciencesTo produce (from a ring and an ideal in that ring) the ring of fractions, where the set of allowed denominators is the compliment of the given ideal.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。